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CLASS 101,	PRINTING
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

Means not otherwise provided for adapted to produce characters or designs on surfaces by impression of types or dies or by applying coating material thereto through openings of previous portions of a pattern sheet, as in stenciling, or by impression from planos:graphic or intaglio surfaces.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

For means and methods for making type or other bodies having printing surfaces see Class 76, Metal Tools and Implements, Making; Class 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture; Class 164, Metal Founding; Class 178, Telegraphy; Class 199, Type Casting; Class 204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy; Class 205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein and Methods of Preparing the Compositions; Class 264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating; Processes; Class 425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus; and Class 430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof.

Patents containing product claims originally classified in Class 101, Printing, subclasses 128.21 through 129, 450.1 through 473, 211, 295, 401.1 through 401.6 involving significant claimed chemical subject matter and no significant structure or printing steps are being reclassified into the appropriate chemical product or material class. Notes under the pertinent above indicated subclasses indicate the extent and scope of this work as of August 1969.

Where a printing plate of the planos:graphic type or a stencil element, i.e., stencils and blanks, is claimed with no significant printing plate or stencil element structure or printing steps but merely in terms of the composition or material of which at least one of its layers is composed, it will be classified in the appropriate product or composition class, even though there is no claim to the composition, per se.

The line between Class 83, Cutting, and Class 101, Printing, subclasses 3.1+ is as follows:

The mere removal of portions of sheet material interposed between one or more punch and die sets, whether or not the aperture or series of apertures produced form characters or designs which convey intelligence, has been considered punching for Class 83. However, where more than the mere removal of material is involved and additional apparatus or steps add to enhance the character or design produced, (e.g., the application of ink to the punches to additionally mark or outline the apertures), such additions have been considered printing for Class 101, subclass 3.1.

Deforming of sheet material into characters or designs with or without the removal of any portion of the material has been considered printing for Class 101, subclasses 3.1+.

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

SUBCLASSES

2	PRINTING AND SORTING:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Machines which print on articles and selectively deliver related articles in groups, each group in a separate position. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 58, for comprising analogous devices, but which do not deliver to separate positions.

3.1	EMBOSSING OR PENETRATING:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Means for producing characters or designs on surfaces by dies adapted to deform or remove portions of the material. (1) Note. Since many printing mechanisms can inherently deform the material being printed upon, organized machines, even though called "embossing machines", are placed below in appropriate coordinate subclasses, except that recitation of specific mechanism particularly designed to deform the material, will cause classification in this and indented subclasses, e.g., conforming punch and die structure. (2) Note. See the class definition, lines with other classes and within this class for the line between this class (101) and the Cutting class. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 401.2, 401.4, 401.5, and 401.6, for means for swaging characters into metal and involving more than simple pressure, such as would be applicable to any material. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 83,  Cutting,   appropriate subclasses for machines having die members with perforating-points adapted to pass entirely through the material for producing designs other than characters. Also see Lines With Other Classes and Within this Class of the Class 101 Class Definition. 162,  Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,   appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus for shaping wet fibrous sheets by patterned dies. 234,  Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching),   appropriate subclasses for a machine having a gang of separately movable punches so mounted and connected that any desired combination thereof may be depressed to produce a design or an array of coded perforations. 400,  Typewriting Machines,   subclasses 127+ and 135+ for machines in which each die is impressed separately, with means to feed the work to position for the next impression.

4	Special-article machines:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1.  Machines peculiarly adapted for printing by embossing or penetrating on articles other than rectangular sheets. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 81,  Tools,   subclass 9.21 for a stamp-scarifying device which may include means for printing cancellation indicia.

5	Rolling contact:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Machines the impression being made by rolling contact between the printing-surface and the surface printed upon.

6	Rotary:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  Machines the article engaged between the peripheries of two oppositely-rotating members to effect the printing act.

7	Rotating object
	This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  Machines the article rotating during impression, but not between a pair of oppositely-rotatable members.

8	Hot die:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  Machines there being means to heat the die.

9	Hot die:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Machines there being means to heat the die.

10	Oscillating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  Machines wherein the path of approach of the hot die and the special article to printing position is an arc intersecting the surface printed upon.

11	Feeding or delivering:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  Machines having means to feed or deliver the article.

12	Matrix material:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1.  Means for impressing material adapted to be employed as molds from which casts may be taken. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 428,  Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   appropriate subclasses for a single or plural layer stock material product, and subclasses 908 and 909 (cross-reference art collections) for a printer"s matrix or a printer"s blanket, respectively.

13	Selective machines:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Machines carrying a supply of printing characters so constructed that different characters may be employed at successive impressions.

14	Drum series:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  Machines there being a plurality of rotatable coaxial members with characters on their peripheries. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 199,  Type Casting,   subclass 3 comprising similar mechanism for assembling matrices.

15	Multiple-character bar:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  Machines, the carriers being flat and slidable and each bearing a plurality of characters. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 199,  Type Casting,   subclass 6 comprising similar mechanism for assembling matrices.

16	Die members:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Machines limited to the dies or the holders therefor.

17	Processes:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Processes only of embossing or penetrating matrix material.

18	Selective machines:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1.  Machines carrying a supply of printing characters so constructed that different characters may be employed at successive impressions. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 13+, for similar machines for operating on a matrix material. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 234,  Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching),   for analogous structure in a selective cutting machine.

19	Piercing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Machines, the dies being adapted to penetrate the material. (1) Note. This subclass is at present the locus for original patents directed to the combination of means for printing and means for punching, selectively, one or more holes (in the same or in a different workpiece). For example, the machine may punch code symbols to record data which may or may not relate to the printed subject matter. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 234,  Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching),   subclasses 35+ for a selective cutting device associated with a disclosure of printing means. 400,  Typewriting Machines,   subclasses 135+ for the combination of means for typing and means for perforating (the same workpiece or different workpieces), under the control of a common keyboard.

20	Oscillating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Machines wherein the path of approach to printing position is in an arc intersecting the surface to be pierced.

21	Hot die:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Machines, there being means to heat the die.

22	Rolling-contact machines:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1.  Means, the impression being made by rolling contact between the printing-surface and the surface to be printed upon. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 5+, for machines for embossing special articles. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 100,  Presses,   subclasses 155+ for concurrent conveying and pressing presses of the roller type, not elsewhere provided for.

23	Rotary:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Means, the work being engaged between the peripheries of two oppositely-rotating members. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 6, for similar special article machines.

24	Piercing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  Means, the die being adapted to penetrate the material.

25	Hot die:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  Means, there being means to heat the die. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 8, for other rolling contact, hot die machines.

26	Piercing machines:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1.  Means in which the die is adapted to penetrate the material. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 19, 20, and 24, for piercing means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 81,  Tools,   subclass 9.22 for a hand-manipulated device including driven means to perforate a surface and means to introduce ink into the perforations.

27	Hot die machines:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1.  Machines having means to heat the die. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 8, 9, 21, and 25, for other hot die machines. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 100,  Presses,   subclasses 300+ for presses not elsewhere provided for, and having means for heating, cooling or drying material in the press.

28	Die members:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1.  Limited to the dies or the holders therefor for machines. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 16, and 368+, for other dies.

29	Selective:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Dies carrying a supply of printing characters so constructed that different characters may be employed at successive impressions. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 13+, and 18+, for machines having selective members.

30	Piercing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Means, the die being adapted to penetrate the material. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 19+, 24, and 26, for machines having piercing members.

31	Hot:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Means, the die being peculiarly adapted to be heated. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 8, 9+, 21, 25, and 27, for machines having hot dies. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 126,  Stoves and Furnaces,   subclasses 401+ for a tool comprising a work engager and fuel burner. 219,  Electric Heating,   subclasses 243+ for die members having specific electrical heating means.

31.1	Seal press:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1.  Means particularly adapted to deform material into the shape of a seal or crest.

32	Processes:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1.  Processes only for embossing or penetrating. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 17, for processes of embossing or penetrating matrix material.

33	TRANSFERRING PREPARATORY DESIGNS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Means for transferring designs of special compositions from temporary supports to plates adapted to be developed into printing-surfaces. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 137, 142+, 154, 177, 217+, and 251+, for other transfer machines.

34	Processes:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Processes only for transferring preparatory designs. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 8,  Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers,   subclasses 467+ for processes of dyeing by transfer. 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclasses 230+ for processes for directly transferring a lamina from a carrier to a base. 427,  Coating Processes,   subclasses 256+ for processes of forming a nonuniform coating and subclasses 146+ for processes of making a transfer or copy sheet.

35	SPECIAL ARTICLE MACHINES:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Machines peculiarly adapted for printing on articles other than rectangular sheets. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 4+, and 33, for other special article machines. 114+, for stenciling machines for operating on special articles. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 53,  Package Making,   subclass 131.2 for machines to form packages combined with a device to print indicia or to place a coating on the cover thereof. 131,  Tobacco,   subclass 284 for cigar and cigarette making machines with combined means for printing on the article.

36	Rotary:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  Machines, the article being engaged in rolling contact between the peripheries of two oppositely-rotating members. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 6, for similar embossing or penetrating machines.

37	Feeding or delivering:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 36.  Machines comprising means to move the articles to or from the printing mechanism.

38.1	Rotating object:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  Machines, the article rotating during impression, but not between a pair of oppositely-rotatable members. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 7, for similar embossing or penetrating machines.

39	Traveling:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 38.1.  Machines, the article being given a bodily movement also during the printing operation.

40	Feeding or delivering:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 39.  Machines comprising means to move the article to or from the printing mechanism.

40.1	Feeding or delivering:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 38.1.  Machines comprising means to move the article to or from the printing mechanism.

41	Bed and platen:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  Machines wherein the impression is made without rolling contact. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 4, and appropriate subclasses thereunder, and subclasses 57+, 68-70, 78+, 93+, 134.5, 163+, 193+, and 287+ for other bed and platen machines.

42	Selective:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 41.  Machines carrying a supply of printing characters so constructed that different characters may be employed at successive impressions.

43	Feeding or delivering:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 42.  Machines comprising means to move the articles to or from the printing mechanism.

44	Feeding or delivering:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 41.  Machines, there being means to move the articles to or from the printing mechanism. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 43, for selective machines having such means.

45	SELECTIVE OR PROGRESSIVE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Means carrying a supply of printing characters so constructed that different characters may be employed at successive impressions. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 13+, 18+, 29, and 42+, for other selective machines.

46	Typewriter feature:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Means for impressing each type separately and causing relative feed of the work to position for the next impression, in combination with other printing means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 400,  Typewriting Machines,   for such machines, per se.

47	Addressing machines:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Machines peculiarly adapted for printing addresses, with or without other printed matter.

48	Stencil:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 47.  Machines employing members having design areas through which ink may pass.

49	Rotary machines with roller inker and fountain:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 48.  Machines, the work being engaged in rolling contact between the peripheries of rotating members, the surface on one of the members being a stencil and having a roller-inker receiving ink from a reservoir.

50	Stencil web:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 48.  Machines having stencils in strip form, which strip may be composed of separate sections.

51	Traveling roller inker with fountain:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 48.  Machines wherein a roller supplied with ink from a reservoir is passed bodily over the back of the stencil.

52	Rotary:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 47.  Machines, the work being engaged in rolling contact between the peripheries of rotating members.

53	Feeding or delivering:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 52.  Machines having means to move the work to or from the printing mechanism.

54	Plate chain feed:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 53.  Machines, there being a chain for passing disconnected printing-plates between the members of the printing-couple.

55	Bed-and-cylinder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 47.  Machines having a flat printing member and a cylinder between which the work is engaged by rolling contact.

56	Traveling cylinder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Machines, the cylinder being given a bodily movement along the bed.

57	Bed and platen:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 47.  Machines wherein the impression is made without rolling contact. (1) Note. See the search note under subclass 41 of the class.

58	Article grouper:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 57.  Machines having means for distinguishing different groups of the printed articles, but not for delivering the groups to different positions. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 2, for analogous devices, but which deliver the groups to different positions.

59	Drum series:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 57.  Machines, there being a plurality of rotatable coaxial members provided with printing characters on their peripheries.

60	Interconnected plates:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 57.  Machines, a plurality of printing-plates being secured together and fed one at a time to printing position. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 50, and 121, for stencil web machines.

61	Oscillating machines:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.  Machines wherein the path of approach of the bed and platen to printing position is an arc intersecting the surface to be printed upon.

62	Rotary plate carrier:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 57.  Machines, a plurality of printing-surfaces being mounted on a rotary carrier and moved step by step to operative position.

63	Shifting chase:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 57.  Machines, a plurality of printing-surfaces being placed in a chase and the chase shifted step by step.

64	Oscillating machine: