Class Definition for Class 92 - EXPANSIBLE CHAMBER DEVICES

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CLASS 92,	EXPANSIBLE CHAMBER DEVICES
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

(A) This class relates to devices which include an expansible chamber, said chamber having a wall portion thereof (i.e., a working member) movable in a to and fro motion to vary the volume of the chamber, and having a fluid conducting passage means in communication with the chamber for introducing or withdrawing fluid therefrom, said device being the type in which:

(1) The introduction of fluid into the chamber or the withdrawal of fluid from the chamber acts upon the movable wall portion and effects a movement thereof in a direction to change the volume of the chamber and produce a mechanical force output which is employed to do work (e.g., motor) or

(2) Application of a mechanical force to the movable wall portion effects a movement of such movable wall portion in a direction to change the volume of the chamber to draw fluid into or expel fluid from the chamber (e.g., pump).

(B) This class also takes miscellaneous subcombinations of motors or pumps disclosed as being of the type having a chamber as indicated in part A, above, not involving control of the working fluid and not provided for in other classes, (e.g., bellows walls, diaphragms or pistons).

(C) This class excludes means to control the fluid to or from the chamber, except in the case of a sealing means for a working member which is adapted under certain conditions of operation to flex away from the encompassing chamber wall to allow fluid passage between said means and the chamber wall.

(1) Note. Claims Not Controlling In Patents Prior To 1936. Patents issued prior to 1936 have not necessarily been classified by claims so that the placement of these patents does not necessarily indicate lines of classification. However, most of the patents regardless of their age have been placed in accordance with their claimed subject matter. STATEMENT RELATING TO PLACEMENT OF PATENTS INVOLVING COMBINATION AND SUBCOMBINATION SUBCLASSES In many instances the schedule of this class provides for a combination which requires a given subcombination and elsewhere below provides for the subcombination. The following rule has been followed as to the placement of the original patent and as to cross-referencing and should be followed in the future: Where the combination subclass requires the same subcombination as is provided for in the subcombination subclass (i.e., subcombination defined with the same specificity in both subclasses) a patent disclosing the combination is placed as an original in, or under, the combination subclass regardless of whether the claims are directed to the combination or subcombination and is not cross-referenced to the subcombination subclass. A patent disclosing only the subcombination and claiming same is placed as an original in the subcombination subclass and is not cross-referenced to the combination subclass. This rule is applicable only in instances where there is but a single subcombination subclass (i.e., no indented subclasses), but the combination subclass may be further subdivided into indented subclasses. The prime feature of this situation is the that the subcombination must, by definition, be of equal specificity in the two subclasses. A search for the subcombination, at least in the case where it is adapted to be used in the combination, of necessity involves all of the patents in the combination subclass. Under this system of placing the patents a complete search of the combination can be made in the combination subclass, and of the subcombination in both subclasses without the addition to the search files of the otherwise necessary cross-reference copies. The subclasses involved in this combination-subcombination relationship have been indicated in the schedule by numbers in parenthesis, as explained in a paragraph after the class title. See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, below for the exemplary of this situation in the Class 92 schedule.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

EXEMPLARY IN THE CLASS 92 SCHEDULE

Exemplary of this situation (as described in the Class Definition, above) in the Class 92 schedule are subclasses 11 and 12. It is noted that subclass 11 provides for a working member combined with means to control the flow of nonworking arresting fluid therefor in which said flow control means is responsive to the position of the working member and an auxiliary adjustable throttle for further controlling such flow while subclass 12 merely requires an adjustable throttle for controlling such flow. As between these subclasses a patent having a disclosed means responsive to the position of the working member for controlling the flow of nonworking arresting fluid for a working member combined with an auxiliary adjustable throttle is placed as an original in subclass 11, whether or not working member position control means is claimed and is not cross-referenced in subclass 12. A complete search for the subject matter provided for in subclass 12 of necessity involves all of the patents in subclass 11.

COMBINATIONS WITH LOAD DEVICES Inasmuch as a mechanical force output of an expansible chamber device within the definition of this class is to operate or move a load the inclusion of the load in the claim by name only or in general terms will not exclude a patent from this class. An exception to this general rule exists where the load on the expansible chamber device is a valve. The combination of an expansible chamber device and a valve as the load moved thereby, even if the valve is claimed by name only, is excluded from this class and will be found in Class 137, Fluid Handling, or Class 251, Valves and Valve Actuation. This line also applies where the load is a tool: that is, a named tool moved by the expansible chamber will not exclude a patent from this class if no tool details are recited. However, if a support for the work being acted upon by the tool is claimed, classification in the appropriate tool class results even though both the tool and the support are claimed by name only. Also see Search Class 173 note in References to Other Classes, below, for the line with regard to a nominally claimed tool driven by an expansible chamber device combined with other features such as work cleansing or tool feeding. No attempt has been made to review the classification of all patents found in classes relating to loads adapted to be moved by an expansible chamber device. Thus, it is to be noted that the original classification of all patents is not consistent with the above statement as to nominally claimed loads and this particularly applies as to classes not recently reclassified. In those instances in which a body of art is known to exist in a given class in which the load adapted to be moved by the expansible chamber device is claimed only nominally, and especially where the classification of that class provides for a fluid pressure actuator for the device, currently issuing patents will not be classified as originals in Class 92 even though the load is only nominally claimed. The means which transmits power from the working member of the expansible chamber device to the load to be moved (e.g., linkage, gearing, etc.) is not considered to be the load to be moved by the expansible chamber device. See References to Other Classes, Search Note to Class 74, for a discussion of this subject. RELATIONSHIP TO CLASS 91. For the relationship between this class and Class 91, see "(3) Note" in the class definition of Class 91. RELATIONSHIP TO CLASS 60 Class 92 is directed to expansible chamber devices per se of the type which includes an oscillating or reciprocating working member and is generally related to Class 60, as a subcombination of a Class 60 device of the type which includes an expansible chamber. More specifically the line may be categorized as follows: A. PLURAL OR COMBINED WITH A MOTOR (1) The combination of an expansible chamber device of the type set forth in part (A), (1), of the class definition above combined with a motor of a different type is classified in Class 60. However, the combination of a Class 92, Expansible Chamber Devices with a motor which performs work solely for use by the expansible chamber device (e.g., move the working member, or adjust a part thereof) is classified in Class 92. The combination of a plurality of Class 92, Expansible Chamber Devices having a plurality of working members (e.g., pistons) is classified in Class 92. B. WORKING FLUID SOURCE, MODIFICATION OR EXHAUST TREATMENT (1) Pumps. The inclusion in a claim of a pump broadly which provides motive fluid for utilization by the Class 92, Expansible Chamber Devices does not preclude classification in Class 92. The following examples have been considered to be nominal inclusion of a pump and if so claimed would not preclude classification in Class 92: (a) a pump; (b) a rotary pump; (c) a motor driven pump; (d) a motor driven rotary pump; (e) an internal combustion engine having an intake manifold (as a source of vacuum); (f) a plurality of pumps arranged in parallel; (g) a circuit comprising a sump, pump and expansible chamber device. The following examples have been considered to be significant inclusion of a pump and if so claimed would preclude classification in Class 92 and cause classification in Class 60, if otherwise appropriate: (a) a pump which is characterized as to type, e.g., centrifugal, eduction, constant displacement, variable displacement, pulsator, etc. (however, see (b) in the preceding paragraph) (b) a motor driven pump in which the motor is characterized as to type, e.g., turbine, electric motor, internal combustion engine (however, see (e) in the immediately preceding paragraph) (c) a pump which has any detail thereof recited as, for example, a "piston" (d) a plurality of pumps in series (e) a particular physical relation between a nominal pump and (1) a motor supplied thereby or (2) with a sump, reservoir or tank forming part of the circuit supplying the pump. For example, this particular physical relation may include their relation in space or mechanical interconnection means. See particularly Class 60, subclasses 325+. (2) Accumulators. An expansible chamber device in constant communication with an accumulator for pressurized working fluid is not precluded from Class 92 regardless of the specificity with which the accumulator is recited, the accumulator in this case being considered to be merely a part of the expansible chamber. (3) Internal Generation. Class 60 takes an expansible chamber device in which the working fluid within the expansible chamber device is heated or cooled, as, for example, by a fluid in heat exchange relation with the interior of the chamber. Such fluid may be the same working fluid used in the chamber either before or after it passes through the chamber. However, a mere heat exchange space or jacket associated with the chamber through which a heat exchange fluid may be circulated is not excluded from Class 92, unless some means are provided to control the flow of heat exchange fluid into or out of the space or jacket. See Class 60, subclass 508. (4) Heating, Superheating or External Generation An expansible chamber device having a nominally claimed means to heat or superheat the working fluid before introduction into the expansible chamber is not precluded from Class 92. For example, Class 92 takes a boiler combined with an expansible chamber device while a "fire tube boiler" combined with a Class 92 expansible chamber device would be classified in Class 60. See, for example, Class 60, subclasses 643+. Class 92 does not take the combination of an expansible chamber device with an explosive generation of working fluid even if nominally claimed. See, for example, Class 60 subclasses 632+. (5) Exhaust Treatment or Handling Class 60 takes combinations involving treatment of motive fluid after it leaves an expansible chamber where means is claimed to change some characteristic of the fluid. A condenser, muffler or filter are examples of such means, but the inclusion of a condenser, muffler or filter in a claim by name only is not sufficient to preclude a patent from Class 92. Class 60 also takes combinations involving handling of exhaust fluid from a fluid motor. Handling is considered to necessarily include more than a mere pipe or chamber to conduct the exhaust fluid away. However, an exhaust fluid conductor having a number of ports therein merely for the purpose of dividing the exhaust stream is more than a mere chamber or pipe and is classified in Class 60. Claimed limitations to an elbow, support or other fitting which constitutes a mere part of the exhaust pipe will be ignored, but any significant relation of the pipe and expansible chamber device will result in classification in the appropriate exhaust treatment subclass of Class 60. A particular physical relation or mechanical inter-connection between a chamber or reservoir for receiving exhaust fluid from the motor and the motor has been considered exhaust handling for Class 60. See Class 60, subclasses 272+ and 685+. C. PULSATORS Class 60 takes a pulsator system in which a generally constant mass of confined working fluid is moved by the working member of one expansible chamber device to effect movement of the working member of said expansible chamber device. Where only one of the expansible chamber devices forming a pulsator system is claimed, classification is generally in Class 92. However, see (3) Note of the definition of subclasses 533+ of Class 60 for a list of pulsator elements or subcombinations classifiable in Class 60.

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

73,	Measuring and Testing, subclasses 232+ for an expansible chamber type volume or rate of flow meter. Class 73 takes an expansible chamber meter combined with registering mechanism and a meter incapable of general use as an expansible chamber device. A meter is considered to be incapable of such general use if there is no disclosed means to take power therefrom for external use such as to a registering mechanism. Therefore class 92 takes an expansible chamber device disclosed as a meter having means to take power therefrom such as for an unclaimed registering mechanism; subclasses 700+ for a fluid pressure gauge. Class 73 takes a sealed capsule disclosed as forming a pressure sensing means. Class 73 also takes an expansible chamber device combined with a means to indicate the condition being sensed by the deflection of the movable wall of the expansible chamber device.
74,	Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses for a mechanical movement, gearing or element. Class 74 takes a motion converting linkage, gearing or element there provided for even though a piston and cylinder is recited where such piston and cylinder amounts to no more than a named load on or drive source for the linkage, gearing or element; even a recitation of a geometrical or spatial arrangement of plural pistons and cylinders is not considered to constitute more than a named load or drive source and does not preclude classification in Class 74. A support, casing, housing or covering (e.g., a crankcase) may also be included in a claim to a Class 74 mechanism, provided that only so much detail of such support, casing, housing or covering is recited as to constitute a support or enclosure for the mechanism. For example, a machine element such as a crankshaft which, per se, is classifiable in Class 74 will still be in Class 74 even though a crankcase or cover therefore is recited. Similarly a mechanical movement (e.g., a piston, connecting rod and crankshaft) which, per se, is classifiable in Class 74 is still proper for Class 74 even though it includes a piston housing (e.g., cylinder) and crankshaft housing (e.g., crankcase). Class 92 takes a casing for a crankshaft or other Class 74 element where disclosed as being associated with an expansible chamber device either where such casing is claimed, per se, or where the Class 74 element is nominally claimed.
123,	Internal-Combustion Engines, for an expansible chamber device which is limited for use as a part of an internal combustion engine. Class 123 has not been cleared and many expansible chamber devices which are not limited for use in an internal combustion engine will be found in Class 123 without any stated line or perceptible distinction with the subject matter found in Class 92.
124,	Mechanical Guns and Projectors, subclasses 56+ for a fluid pressure actuated gun in which a projectile is impelled from a confined space or barrel by the force of a fluid under pressure.
138,	Pipes and Tubular Conduits, subclasses 30+ for a fluid pressure compensator for a fluid system, comprising a chamber provided with a movable wall (e.g., piston or diaphragm) to allow the volumetric capacity of said chamber to be varied, and disclosed as for receiving and accommodating a surge of fluid in the system; subclasses 118+ for a circumferentially corrugated or pleated flexible tubular member of conduit. Class 92 takes such a device where the sole specific disclosure or a claim is directed to a bellows device for an expansible chamber device; appropriate subclasses, for a tubular member, even though disclosed as a cylinder for an expansible chamber device. Class 138 takes a tubular member disclosed as a cylinder for an expansible chamber device, where the claim is directed to no more than the wall structure of such tubular member.
173,	Tool Driving and Impacting, appropriate subclasses for an expansible chamber device for operating an impact delivering means or for operating a tool combined with work cleansing or feed means and see section IV of the class definition of Class 173 for a statement of the line between Class 92 and Class 173.
184,	Lubrication, appropriate subclasses for lubrication of general utility, and particularly subclasses 18+ for lubrication of an engine cylinder. Class 184 takes a nominal cylinder and piston provided with lubricating means. Class 92 takes the combination of a cylinder and piston and lubricating means therefor where either the cylinder or piston is modified for a purpose other than for lubrication. Claimed structural limitations, for example, such as sealing means between the cylinder and piston or specific piston construction effects classification in Class 92. However the claiming of a pitman or connecting rod pivotally secured to a piston including means to lubricate such connection does not preclude classification in Class 184.
187,	Elevator, Industrial Lift Truck, or Stationary Lift for Vehicle, especially subclasses 213+ for an expansible chamber fluid motor in claimed combination with a more than named stationary lift for raising a vehicle in its entirety between spaced vertical positions, and subclasses 272+ for an expansible chamber fluid motor in claimed combination with a more than named load-underlying support surface (e.g., external load support guide structure which is not necessary to the fluid motor internal drive, particular load-underlying support surface structure, elevator counterbalances).
188,	Brakes, appropriate subclasses for brakes and locks of general utility and particularly, subclasses 297+ for a fluid type brake or dashpot. Class 188 takes a fluid containing chamber having a movable wall (e.g., piston and cylinder) or an element thereof where the sole specific disclosure or a claim is directed to a dashpot or brake; subclass 67 for a brake or lock for a rod which may include a piston. Class 188 takes a piston and cylinder combined with a movement retarding or preventing means, where the piston and cylinder is only nominally set forth in the claim.
220,	Receptacles, appropriate subclasses for the structure of a device disclosed as a cylinder for an expansible chamber device, where the claimed subject matter includes no more than the structure of a container and particularly subclasses 200+ for a container closure. Class 220 takes the combination of a cylinder and a closure or head therefor, or a cylinder closure or head, per se, where the claimed subject matter includes no more than a container and closure or a container closure of general utility. Class 92 takes such combination or the closure, per se, where the claim includes subject matter which limits the device to an element of a working chamber for an expansible device, such as for example fluid porting in the closure, or means on the closure for cooperating with a piston part.
222,	Dispensing, subclasses 206+ for a resilient wall dispenser, and subclasses 386+ for a dispenser comprising a container or cylinder provided with a follower (e.g., piston) adapted to act against a fluent material to expel the material from the chamber. Class 222 takes a combined container and follower where the sole specific disclosure or a claim is directed to a dispenser for fluent material. However, Class 92 takes a claim to a follower or piston, per se, even though disclosed as for use in a dispensing device.
251,	Valves and Valve Actuation, subclasses 12+ for a fluid pressure actuated valve, and especially subclasses 61+ for a valve having a fluid actuator which includes a diaphragm, bellows or flexible wall type expansible chamber device and subclasses 62+ for a fluid actuator comprising an expansible chamber device having a cylinder with a relatively movable piston therein. Class 251 takes a nominally recited valve combined with an expansible chamber device actuating means therefor; subclasses 324+ for a reciprocating piston type valve and subclass 331 for a reciprocating diaphragm type valve. Class 251 takes a piston or diaphragm when there is a disclosure that such piston or diaphragm is used as a valve element.
254,	Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, subclass 93 for a fluid actuated pushing or pulling implement. Class 254 takes a fluid pressure actuated pushing or pulling implement where some detail of the load engaging means is claimed.
267,	Spring Devices, appropriate subclasses for a fluid type spring device. Class 267 takes a device comprising a chamber provided with a movable wall (e.g., piston and cylinder) and adapted to contain a fluid designed to contact and exert a force against said movable wall, or an element of such device (e.g., piston) when there is a disclosure that such device is used as a spring device.
277,	Seal for a Joint or Juncture, appropriate subclasses for a packing or sealing member, even though disclosed as sealing between relatively movable elements of an expansible chamber device. Class 277 takes a nominally claimed piston and cylinder combination, or a nominally claimed piston or cylinder, per se, where the claim is otherwise directed to a packing or sealing means between relatively movable surfaces of said cylinder and piston or on said cylinder or piston. Class 92 takes such devices, where some details of the cylinder or piston is set forth in the claim. However, structure of such device which is solely intended to cooperate with the packing or sealing means is not considered a detail of the device for Class 92, and is classified in Class 277. A device including either a flexible cup or flange type sealing member combined with a supporting body structure is classified in Class 92 where such device is disclosed as a piston for either a pump or motor. Such sealing structure either claimed, per se, or combined with a supporting body structure and disclosed as a device other than a piston for a pump or motor is classified in Class 277.
374,	Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclasses 201+ for expanding fluid thermometers. Class 374 takes, expanding fluid bulb or expansible chamber driving an indicator. Such a bulb or chamber with an indeterminate load is classified in Class 60, subclasses 516+; an expansible chamber, per se, is in Class 92; and a bulb, per se, is in Class 428, subclass 35.
384,	Bearings, appropriate subclasses for bearings and guides. Class 384 takes a nominally claimed piston and cylinder combination as a guide and slide where the claim is otherwise directed to a specific surface structure of one, or both of said elements to form a bearing surface. Further the combination of a nominal cylinder having an opening in an end wall thereof slidably receiving a piston rod is considered a slide and guide and classified in Class 384, Class 92 takes the above combination where the piston is claimed. subclasses 429+ for a crankshaft bearing support. Class 384 takes an engine crankcase enclosing and supporting bearings for a crankshaft, the inclusion of a nominal cylinder, or cylinders does not preclude classification in Class 384. Class 384 takes a nominal piston, or cylinder where the claim is otherwise directed to a specific surface structure to form a bearing surface.
403,	Joints and Connections, particularly subclasses 230+ for a rod connected to a base plate or head. Class 403 takes the combination of a nominally claimed piston and means for either pivotally or rigidly mounting a rod thereto where the subject matter claimed amounts to no more than a connection between a rod or a means to pivotally mount a rod and a tubular or cup-shaped member. Class 92 takes such combination where some detail of the piston other than that which is utilized solely for the purpose of effecting the joint or connection between the piston and the rod or rod mounting member is claimed. For example, claimed features involving sealing means on the piston, specific piston forming material, ribs or fins on the piston other than those utilized to support or mount the rod or rod mounting means on the piston, or structure in which a portion of the rod or rod mounting means extends through the piston end face are considered as piston details and are classified in Class 92.
417,	Pumps, and see the class definition of Class 417, for a statement of the line.
475,	Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components, for planetary gear transmissions, per se. The same line exists between Class 92 and Class 475 as exists between Class 92 and Class 74.
477,	Interrelated Power Delivery Controls, Including Engine Control, for interrelated controls between an engine and a transmission, clutch, or brake. Class 477 was formed from patents in Classes 74 and 192 and so the same line exists between Class 91 and Class 477 as exists between Class 91 and Classes 74 and 192.
604,	Surgery, subclasses 218+ for piston and cylinder type hypodermic device, and subclasses 212+ for a pump type syringe. Class 604, Surgery, provides for a device which includes no more than a piston and cylinder or other type of expansible chamber device, or any subcombination thereof, but in which the sole specific disclosure or claim is directed to a hypodermic dosing device or syringe.

SECTION IV - GLOSSARY

CYLINDER

A rigid external member which permanently surrounds the piston, the latter constituting a relatively moving wall for the expansible chamber, the other walls of which are formed by the cylinder, and the cylinder ordinarily including the abutment or reaction surface against which the motive fluid acts, or the piston forming the abutment for the cylinder when the cylinder is movable and the piston fixed. However, the abutment or reaction surface for the piston need not necessarily be formed by the cylinder but may be formed by a second relatively movable opposed piston within the cylinder.

END FACE

The end face of the piston consists of the portion thereof which is opposite the abutment of reaction surface of the cylinder and which is adapted to contact the working fluid.

NONWORKING CHAMBER

Any space within a part of an expansible chamber device which is not designed to receive working fluid for acting upon the working member, or for being acted upon by the working member.

PISTON

A working member which has relative sliding sealing engagement with the encompassing wall of a cylinder type working chamber. The principal parts of a piston consist of an end face portion and a side wall portion which are defined as follows:

SIDE WALL

The side wall of the piston consists of that portion which is opposite the wall of the cylinder which slidably engages the piston.

WORKING CHAMBER

The space in an expansible chamber device which includes the working member and which is adapted to receive working fluid for acting upon the working member, or for being acted upon by the working member.

WORKING FLUID

The fluid which is admitted into or withdrawn from the expansible chamber to effect movement of the working member, or the fluid which is either drawn into or expelled from the expansible chamber responsive to movement of the working member.

WORKING MEMBER

The wall portion of the expansible chamber of an expansible chamber device which is acted upon by the working fluid to be moved thereby to change the volume of the chamber and produce a mechanical force output, or which, having a mechanical force applied thereto is moved to change the volume of the chamber to either draw fluid into or expel fluid from the chamber. The term includes the movable wall portion and any part which is immovably fixed thereto (e.g., piston rod).

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 92 subclass 1]

WITH TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including temperature responsive means associated with the expansible chamber device, said means being effective to overcome or counteract a pressure change, which effects the expansion or contraction of the expansible chamber device, resulting from a change in the ambient temperature adjacent the expansible chamber device, or a change in the temperature of the working fluid.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

73,	Measuring and Testing, subclass 708 for a fluid pressure gauge provided with temperature compensating means.
137,	Fluid Handling, subclasses 79+ for temperature compensating means for a fluid handling apparatus.

[List of Patents for class 92 subclass 2]

ONE WORKING MEMBER RECIPROCATES AND ANOTHER ROTATES COMMON OUTPUT MEMBER:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising two or more working members which are movable with respect to each other, said working members being operatively associated with a single member designed to transmit the mechanical force exerted by said working members, one of said working members being effective to impart longitudinal movement to said element, and a second said working member being effective to impart rotary motion to said element about the longitudinal axis thereof independently of the longitudinal movement imparted by said first working member.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

91,	Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 61 for a rotary type expansible chamber device combined with a reciprocating working member.
173,	Tool Driving or Impacting, subclass 108 for means to rotate a reciprocated impact delivering tool, said means comprising a separate reciprocating type motors.

[List of Patents for class 92 subclass 3]

WITH DISENGAGEABLE ROTARY DRIVE FOR MOVING WORKING MEMBER:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a first rotary element driven by a source of power, a second rotary element connected to the working member to drive same, and means to selectively engage or disengage said first and second rotary elements to connect or disconnect the working member and source of power.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

417,	Pumps, subclass 319 for pumps having disengageable rotary drive connections. For the relationship between Class 92 and Class 417 see section III of the class definition of Class 417.

[List of Patents for class 92 subclass 5]

WITH (1) SIGNAL OR INDICATOR OR (2) INSPECTION WINDOW IN EXPANSIBLE CHAMBER WALL PORTION:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including (1) an indicator, register, recorder or alarm responsive to a condition of operation or position of a part of the expansible chamber device or of the working fluid or (2) a window in a wall of an expansible chamber device part to permit inspection of normally hidden portions of said part or of the working fluid.

(1) Note. An expansible chamber device part made of a material which may be transparent (e.g., a glass piston or cylinder) is excluded, unless the disclosure specifies that such material was used for the purpose of allowing inspection of interior portions of said part.

(2) Note. A visible element associated with an expansible chamber device (e.g., fastening or securing means for an expansible chamber device parts) which is specifically intended to become distorted when some malfunction of some part of the expansible chamber device occurs to indicate such malfunction is included under this definition.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

91,	Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 1 for a signal, indicator or inspection window to indicate a condition of operation of an expansible chamber type motor.
340,	Communications: Electrical, subclasses 500+ for electrical automatic condition responsive indicating systems.

6	EFFECTIVE AREA OF WORKING MEMBER END FACE SELECTIVELY VARIABLE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the expansible chamber device is provided with means whereby the area of the working member end face which is acted upon by the working fluid or which acts upon the working fluid during movement of the working member may be selectively changed.

[List of Patents for class 92 subclass 7]

WITH OVERCENTER MEANS TO BIAS WORKING MEMBER IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS OVER DIFFERENT PORTIONS OF STROKE:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including means movable with the working member, said means comprising a portion which moves in an arcuate path between end limit positions corresponding to the end limits of the working member stroke, said means being effective during the first half of the working member stroke and while said portion moves toward a center position between said end positions to exert a force in a direction resisting the movement of the working member, and during the last half of the working member stroke while said portion moves away from said center position to exert a force in an opposite direction to assist the movement of the working member.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

123,	Internal-Combustion Engines, subclasses 192.1+ for compensating means for an internal combustion engine.

[List of Patents for class 92 subclass 8]

WITH MEANS TO CONTROL FLOW OF NON-WORKING ARRESTING FLUID FOR WORKING MEMBER:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a body of nonworking fluid adapted to flow as a result of working member movement and incident to said flow to retard or stop the movement of the working member, and means for varying the flow of the nonworking fluid.

(1) Note. A mere compressible fluid spring provided with valve means to allow entry of make-up fluid in the spring is excluded.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

134,	for a fluid spring for biasing a working member.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

91,	Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 41 for correlated control of motive fluid, and locking means for the working member of an expansible chamber device.
188,	Brakes, subclasses 297+ for fluid type brake or dashpot; Class 188 takes the nominal recitation of a cylinder and piston and a fluid brake or dashpot therefor.

9	Flow control means positioned between chambers having a common wall movable with working member:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Apparatus in which the body of fluid is positioned in an enclosure having a movable partition therein which is in sliding sealing engagement with the enclosure wall providing a pair of chambers, said partition being secured for movement with the working member, fluid passage means extending between said chambers for placing said chambers in fluid communication with each other, and flow varying means positioned in said passage means.

10	Work member position control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Apparatus in which the flow varying means is controlled in response to the working member attaining a certain position in the working chamber.

[List of Patents for class 92 subclass 11]

With auxiliary adjustable throttle (12):

This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Apparatus including a second means for varying the flow of the non working fluid, said second means being adapted to be selectively moved and held to different flow varying positions.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

12,	for a means to control the flow of nonworking arresting fluid for a working member comprising an adjustable throttle.

[List of Patents for class 92 subclass 12]

Adjustable throttle (11):

This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Apparatus in which the flow varying means is adapted to be selectively moved and held in different flow varying positions.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

11,	for a working member position control of flow of nonworking arresting fluid for working member provided with an auxiliary adjustable throttle. Note section IV of the class definition and the paragraph following the title in the schedule of this Class.

[List of Patents for class 92 subclass 12.1]

12.1

DISPLACEMENT CONTROL OF PLURAL CYLINDERS ARRANGED IN PARALLEL, RADIAL, OR CONICAL RELATIONSHIP WITH ROTARY TRANSMISSION AXIS:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising two or more cylinders, each cylinder being provided with a relatively reciprocating piston (includes diaphragm) to thereby form a plurality of expansible chambers, the cylinders or a transmission element in common operative engagement with said cylinders or pistons being adapted for continuous rotation about a fixed axis; said cylinders being physically arranged in a manner such that their longitudinal axes either (1) intersect at a common point or (2) extend parallel to said axis of rotation; there being provided means to selectively vary either the extent or end limits of reciprocatory movement between said cylinders and their respective relatively reciprocating pistons.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

91,

Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 473 for expansible chamber type motors having three or more cylinders arranged in parallel, radial, or conical relationship with a rotary transmission axis in which means are provided for controlling the drive transmission of the motor in response to a sensed condition and subclasses 497+ for expansible chamber type motors having three or more cylinders arranged in radial relationship with a rotary transmission axis and means for varying the relative reciprocatory stroke between the motor cylinders and pistons.

417,

Pumps, subclasses 218+ for means for controlling an adjustable cam or linkage in a pump drive transmission in response to a sensed condition.

[List of Patents for class 92 subclass 12.2]

12.2

Parallel cylinders:

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.1. Apparatus in which the longitudinal axes of said plural cylinders are parallel to and spaced from said axis of rotation.

(1) Note. This definition is not intended to include displacement control in response to a sensed condition (e.g., speed or motive fluid condition responsive).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

91,

Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 473 for expansible chamber type motors having three or more cylinders arranged in parallel, radial, or conical relationship with a rotary transmission axis in which means are provided for controlling the drive transmission of the motor in response to a sensed condition and subclasses 504+ for expansible chamber type motors having three or more cylinders arranged in parallel relationship with a rotary transmission axis and means for varying the relative reciprocatory stroke between the motor cylinders and pistons.

417,

Pumps, subclasses 222.1+ for means for controlling an adjustable axial pump operating cam in the pump drive transmission in response to a sensed condition.

[List of Patents for class 92 subclass 13]

WITH ADJUSTABLE MEANS TO VARY STROKE OF WORKING MEMBER:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising means associated with the expansible chamber device, said means being adapted to be selectively positioned or moved and held in different positions to either change the extent or vary the end limits of reciprocatory movement of the working member relative to the working chamber.

(1) Note. Means which acts to positively lock a working member in both directions of reciprocatory movement is not considered to be a stroke varying device under this definition, such subject matter being classified in subclasses 15+ below.

(2) Note. An expansible chamber device having means to vary the displacement thereof and in which it cannot be determined whether the expansible chamber device is of the Class 92 or Class 418 type will be classified under this definition.

(3) Note. Included under this definition are diaphragm or bellows type working members which are reciprocated to cause expansion or contraction of the chamber formed thereby.

(4) Note. This definition is not intended to include stroke control in response to a sensed condition (e.g., speed or motive fluid condition).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

62+,	for plural relatively movable working members in which one of said working members is moved by a second working member through a separating abutment connection.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

91,	Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 167 for an expansible chamber motor comprising a unit having separately controlled working chambers the extension of which equals the sum of the individual chamber extension.
417,	Pumps, subclasses 499+ for means to effect control of a pumping member controlled port at different positions of the pumping member stroke by changing the extent or varying the end limits of the pumping member reciprocatory path.

[List of Patents for class 92 subclass 13.1]

13.1

Having motor-operated adjustment:

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which the means which is moved or positioned to change the extent of movement of the working member is actuated by a motor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

91,	Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 506 for a motor operated means to adjust the angle of inclination of a reaction plate for plural radial cylinders for the purpose of varying working chamber displacement.

[List of Patents for class 92 subclass 13.2]

13.2

Flexible wall-type working member:

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which the expansible chamber is defined in part by a deformable wall, movement of said deformable wall being caused by or effecting expansion and contraction of the chamber.

(1) Note. The deformable wall of the above definition may be either (1) fabricated of flexible material or (2) formed by a plurality or relatively movable rigid members hinged together in a manner such that relative pivotal movement thereof is caused by or effects expansion and contraction of the chamber.

[List of Patents for class 92 subclass 13.3]

13.3

Stroke of one working member adjustable relative to another:

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which the extent of movement of said working member is changed relative to and independent of the extent of movement of another relatively movable working member.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

417,	Pumps, subclass 429 for plural pumps having a common drive and means for altering the stroke of one relative to another.

13.4	Predetermined discrete incremental adjustment positions:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which the means which is moved or positioned to change the extent of movement of the working member is limited to be moved and held or positioned in one or more preselected adjustment locations and not capable of being held or positioned in locations other than or intermediate of said preselected positions.

13.41	Adjustment by assembly or disassembly:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 13.3. Apparatus in which the means which is moved or positioned to change the extent of working member movement comprises an element which is either (1) removed from the device and replaced therein in a different position or location, (2) removed from the device or, (3) assembled to the device.

13.5	Independent adjustment of opposite stroke limits of single reciprocating working member:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which the means which is selectively positioned or moved and held in different positions changes the extent of reciprocatory movement of a single working member in one stroke direction only; there being provided additional means which is selectively positioned or moved and held in different positions for changing the extent of reciprocatory movement of said working member in the other stroke direction, said additional means being selectively positionable or movable separately and irrespective of movement of said first mentioned means.

13.51	Axial adjustment of spaced, rigidly interconnected working member faces:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which the working member forms a pair of axially spaced working faces which are normally rigidly interconnected, the selectively positionable or movable means being effective to change the axial spacing of said working faces for the purpose of changing the extent of reciprocatory movement of said working member.

13.6	Adjustable abutment positioned within working chamber:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which the means which is selectively positioned or moved to change the extent of working member movement comprises an element having a portion which is positioned within the confines of the working chamber and exposed to working fluid therein; the portion of said element within the working chamber being either (1) fixed against movement by the working member and engageable therewith to limit the extent of working member movement or (2) positioned on the working member for movement therewith and engageable with a fixed member (e.g., cylinder end wall) for limiting the extent of working member movement.

[List of Patents for class 92 subclass 13.7]

13.7

By adjusting or limiting motion of relatively movable power transmission element:

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which there is provided means for transmitting motion to or from the working member comprising at least one element (e.g., cam, gear, link, etc.), which is mechanically associated with and movable relative to the working member; the selectively positionable or movable means for changing the extent of working member movement being operatively associated with said relatively movable transmission element to either (1) limit the motion of said element for changing the extent or varying the end limits of working member or (2) change the driving relationship of said element relative to the working member or another element of the transmission for the purpose of changing the extent or varying the end limits of working member movement.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

12.1+,

for plural cylinders arranged in parallel, radial or conical relationship with a rotary transmission axis and having means which is selectively movable to adjust a relatively movable transmission element for varying the displacement of the cylinder working chambers.

13.8	Adjustment means includes external axially extending threaded piston stem:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which there is provided an element carried by piston type working member which extends axially therefrom to a location exterior of the working chamber (e.g., piston rod), the portion of said element exterior of said working chamber being provided with screw threads for threadably engaging the means which is positionable or moved and held for changing the extent of working member movement.

14	WORKING MEMBER MOVES LOAD AND LATCHING MEANS FOR LOAD:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising an element positioned to be moved by a working member, said working member being capable of limited relative motion with respect to said element, and means engageable with said element to prevent movement thereof, said means being engageable by said working member during the initial portion of its stroke to disengage said means from operative position with respect to said element to allow movement of said element in response to further movement of said working member.

[List of Patents for class 92 subclass 15]

WITH RELEASABLE STOP OR LATCH MEANS TO PREVENT MOVEMENT OF WORKING MEMBER:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising means engageable between a working member or a member moved thereby and a fixed part, said means when engaged being effective to prevent the movement of said working member relative to said part in at least one direction of its movement at some point along the path of travel thereof, said means being selectively disengageable to permit movement of the working member in such direction.

(1) Note. The movement preventing means may be held in operative working member movement preventing position by the working fluid in the working chamber, or may be released from such operative position by such working fluid.

(2) Note. The movement preventing means may hold the working member against movement either from the action of a mechanical force exerted thereon or from a force exerted thereon by working fluid acting against the end face thereof.

(3) Note. For classification under this definition the means must be released before any movement of the working member in the direction in which it is held against movement can occur. A mere resilient detente which is releasable responsive to a movement of the working member is excluded from this definition. Such structure is classified in subclass 30.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

8+,	for a means to control the flow of nonworking arresting fluid for the working member.
13+,	for an adjustable or disengageable stop or abutment means for varying the extent of reciprocatory movement of the working member.
30,	for a resilient detente engageable between a fixed part and a working member or a member moved thereby.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

91,	Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 41 for a correlated control of motive fluid, and locking means for the working member of an expansible chamber motor.
188,	Brakes, appropriate subclasses for a brake or latch, per se, and particularly subclass 67 for a brake or latch for a rod. Class 188 takes a nominally claimed piston and cylinder, if the claim is otherwise directed to a brake or latch means for holding the piston against movement relative to the cylinder.

[List of Patents for class 92 subclass 16]

With timing or delay means:

This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Apparatus including means for actuating the movement preventing means, said first means being capable of causing a predetermined period of time to elapse before actuation of the movement preventing means is effected.

(1) Note. A device in which the movement preventing means is actuated by a fluid pressure responsive member, which device includes adjustable throttling means in a fluid conduit to said fluid pressure responsive member to regulate the flow of fluid to said member to vary the time required to sufficiently increase the fluid pressure to said member to actuate the movement preventing means after initiating flow of such fluid in the conduit, is included under this definition.

17	Engages member coaxial with and rotatable relative to working member:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Apparatus comprising an element having the axis thereof coinciding with the axis of the working member, said element being connected to the working member so that reciprocation of the working member effects relative rotation between said working member and element, and in which the movement preventing means is adapted to engage said element to prevent rotation thereof relative to said working member, and thereby prevent movement of the working member.

18	Includes interfitting parts engageable at plural positions including position intermediate stroke limits:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Apparatus in which the movement preventing means comprises an element having intermeshing engagement with the working member or member moved thereby, said element being adapted to intermesh with said working member or member moved thereby at plural predetermined spaced locations corresponding to spaced locations of the working member along its path of travel, at least one of said locations corresponding to a position between the opposite extremities of said path of travel.

19	Self-engaging:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Apparatus in which means are provided to bias the intermeshing element toward engaging position with the working member or member moved thereby, so that the intermeshing element is self engaging as the working member or member moved thereby reaches one of said predetermined locations.

20	Engages power element movable relative to working member:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Apparatus comprising a member by which power is transmitted to or from the working member, said member being connected to said working member to permit relative movement therebetween and in which the movement preventing means is adapted to engage said member to prevent movement of said member and the working member.

21	Plural selectively operable actuators for releasable means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Apparatus in which the movement preventing means is movable either to engage or disengage position by two or more separate means, said means being distinct from each other and being operable independently of each other.

22	Relatively movable working members with interdependent means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Apparatus comprising two or more working members which are movable with respect to each other and movement preventing means to prevent movement of each of said working members, said movement preventing means for each of the working members being actuated by another of said working members.

[List of Patents for class 92 subclass 23]

Means includes element interfitting between working member and fixed part:

This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Apparatus in which said movement preventing means includes an element providing intermeshing engagement between the working member and a fixed member.

(1) Note. A member projected into a cylinder in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of the piston to overlie an end face of the piston to prevent movement thereof past said member is considered as intermeshing with the piston and is included in this subclass.

24	Element actuated or retained in operative position by relatively movable fluid responsive member:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Apparatus in which the intermeshing element is moved to or from, or retained in working member movement preventing relationship by means of a member which is movable relative to said intermeshing element, said member being movable responsive to the action of a pressure fluid.

25	With pivoted link between element and member:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Apparatus including a mechanical motion converting means including a pivoted link between the intermeshing element and the fluid pressure actuated member so that motion of the member will be transmitted to said intermeshing element through said pivoted link.