Class Definition for Class 73 - MEASURING AND TESTING

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CLASS 73,	MEASURING AND TESTING
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

(1) This is the generic class for processes and apparatus for making a measurement of any kind or for making a test of any kind, and takes all such subject matter not provided for in other classes.

(2) The term "test" includes inspection, processes and apparatus for determining qualities by inspection being included where not provided for in other classes.

(3) This class is the generic class for sampling and takes all sampling apparatus and processes not otherwise provided for; see subclasses 863+ and the notes thereto.

SECTION II - NOTES TO THE CLASS DEFINITION

(1) Note. Processes and apparatus for its practice are classified together.

(2) Note. Substantially all apparatus classes have means to automatically control the operation of the apparatus. Such automatic controls usually involve some means to measure or test a condition or change of condition, the measuring or testing means then operating to control or regulate the apparatus in accordance with the results of the measurement or test. For such subject matter, the class appropriate to the type of apparatus controlled should be investigated. No attempt has been made to search note automatic controls.

SECTION III - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

Measuring and testing, per se, of the following types are found in Subclass References to the Current Class and References to Other Classes, below:

ACOUSTICAL;

BIOLOGICAL;

CHEMICAL;

ELECTRICAL;

GEOMETRICAL INSTRUMENTS;

INSPECTING;

OPTICAL (See Radiant Energy);

RADIANT ENERGY (See Optical)

SPEED MEASURING;

SURGICAL;

TIME MEASURING;

WEIGHING SCALES;

MASS SPECTROMETRY

(1) Note. For elements, not combined with means to indicate the result of a measurement or test, and not combined with means to automatically control art devices, that respond to a condition or change of condition. Also see the reference to the Radiant Energy class.

(2) Note. Art apparatus or process significantly claimed, in combination with measuring or testing is classified in general in the class providing for the art apparatus or process. The line stated for particular classes should be consulted.

SECTION IV - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

32+,	for devices responsive to specific gravity of liquids. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, (1) Note, above).
54+,	for devices responsive to viscosity of liquids. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above).
174,	for feelers for gauges. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above).
227+,	for straight line light ray type and 300+ for indicator of direction of force traversing natural media. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above).
279+,	for pressure responsive diaphragms for volume or rate of flow meters, per se. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above).
322.5,	for floats, per se. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, (1) Note, above).
335+,	for humidity responsive elements. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above).
501+,	for feelers for gauges. (See Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above).
514.01+,	for acceleration responsive elements. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above).
527+,	through 551, for speed responsive elements. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above).
649+,	for devices responsive to and for measuring vibrations of a body. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above).
741,	for Bourbon tubes, per se, for fluid pressure gauges. (See Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above).
861.42+,	for devices responsive to differential pressures. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above).

SECTION V - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

23,	Chemistry: Physical Processes, (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing)
26,	Textiles: Cloth Finishing, subclass 70 for inspection and examination of cloth. (Inspecting).
26,	Textiles: Cloth Finishing, (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing).
28,	Textiles: Manufacturing, subclasses 226+ especially subclass 227 for apparatus and processes of detecting knots, bunches, or slubs in threads.
33,	Geometrical Instruments, for measuring and testing involving only the determination of the characteristics and mutual relation of points, lines, angles, surfaces and solids and for mechanically guided means for describing lines. Class 73 has combinations of geometrical instruments with other measuring or testing means. (Geometrical Instruments)
33,	Geometrical Instruments, subclass 501 , for feelers for gauges 227+, for straight line light ray type and 300+, for indicator of direction of force traversing natural media. (See Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above).
34,	Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, subclass 88 for combinations having inspecting means as a part thereof. (Inspecting).
34,	Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, subclasses 88 , 89 for such apparatus combined with inspecting, indicating or testing means. (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing).
47,	Plant Husbandry, subclass 14 for apparatus and processes for ascertaining the life in seeds. (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing).
74,	Machine Element or Mechanism, (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing).
84,	Music, (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing).
99,	Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclasses 285, 342+, for infusors and cooking devices combined with measuring and testing means. (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing).
60,	Power Plants, subclasses 527 through 531for heat actuated mechanisms producing force or motion and having no specified motion utilizing structure (See Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above).
65,	Glass Manufacturing, subclasses 29.1+ and 29.12+ for glassworking or treating processes including programming, timing, cycle control, inspecting, measuring, or testing; subclasses 158+ and 160+ for glassworking and treating apparatus with inspection, programming, timing, cycle control, inspecting, measuring, or testing means. (Inspecting)
74,	Machine Element or Mechanism, subclasses 5+ for gyroscopes. (See Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above).
84,	Music, subclass 409 for tuning forks. (See Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above).
92,	Expansible Chamber Devices, appropriate subclasses. For the line between Class 73 and Class 92, see References to Other Classes of the class definition of Class 92, under SEARCH CLASS 73. (See Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above).
95,	Gas Separation: Processes, for processes of gas separation, per se. Class 73 will take the combination of gas separation and significant gas analysis. The combination of gas separation and a nominal step of "analyzing" or "detecting" without further detail of the analysis or detection is insufficient to cause a patent to be placed in Class 73; that patent will be placed in Class 95. Also, if there is feedback from the analytical apparatus to control or effect a change in the gas separating operation, then classification is in Class 95. (Chemical)
96,	Gas Separation: Apparatus, for apparatus for gas separation, per se. Class 73 will take the combination of gas separation apparatus and significant gas analysis means. The combination of gas separation apparatus and nominal means for "analyzing" or "detecting" without further detail of the analysis or detection means is insufficient to cause a patent to be placed in Class 73; that patent will be placed in Class 96. Also, if there is feedback means from the analytical apparatus to control or effect a change in the gas separation, then classification is in Class 96. For volume or rate of flow meters combined with gas and liquid separators, see subclass 200 in Class 73. (Chemical).
101,	Printing, subclasses 35+ , for selective printing machines in which the control of the printing element selected is by a gauge measuring the article printed upon and the article is other than a rectangular sheet. (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing)
116,	Signals and Indicators, for devices for giving a signal or indication other than electrical of the presence or absence of a condition, and in subclasses 200+ for nonelectrical indicating means, such as dial and pointer structure, not claimed in combination with any particular measuring or testing means provided for in Class 73. Class 73 takes the combination of measuring or testing means significantly claimed combined with a signal or indicator, and devices that respond to a condition and give a series of indications which follow or vary with the variations of the condition wherein more than a mere named operator for the signal or indicator is included. (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing).
118,	Coating Apparatus, subclasses 712+ for coating apparatus having measuring or testing features. (Inspecting)
128,	Surgery, (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing).
128,	Surgery, subclasses 630+ for methods and apparatus for diagnosing diseased or abnormal condition of the body. (Surgical)
136,	Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, (see also Note 4), subclass 182 for batteries combined with testing or indicating means. (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing).
136,	Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, subclass 89 for electro-optical batteries and subclass 200, for thermal sensitive batteries. (See Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above).
137,	Fluid Handling, subclasses 227+ , 524 and 551+ for fluid handling means combined with an indicator register, recorder, alarm or inspection means. (See also (4) Note). (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing)
138,	Pipes and Tubular Conduits, subclass 90 for pipe plugs having either provision for introducing a fluid into the pipe or for the attachment of a gauge. (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing)
148,	Metal Treatment, subclasses 128+ for process of heat treating metal in the solid state; and involving also a measuring, testing or sensing operation. The operation generally, is directed to control of the heat treatment. (Chemical)
156,	Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, subclasses 64 and 378 for laminating processes and apparatus having measuring or testing features. (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing)
162,	Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclasses 49 , 198 and 263 for measuring and testing in combination with fiber liberation or paper making. (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing).
166,	Wells, subclasses 250+ for well processes including measuring and testing means, subclass 264 for processes of merely sampling a well fluid and appropriate subclasses for corresponding apparatus and subclasses 64, 66 and 113 for well apparatus including measuring or testing means. (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing).
177,	Weighing Scales, appropriate subclasses for a weigher, per se; for a weigher with features for making a test not specifically provided for in Class 73; and for a weigher in combination with another measuring device not provided for in Class 73. (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing).
177,	Weighing Scales, appropriate subclasses for a weigher, per se; especially subclasses 50+ for a weigher with features for making a test not specifically provided for in Class 73; and subclass 245 for a weigher in combination with another measuring device not provided for in Class 73.
181,	Acoustics, subclass .5 for miscellaneous mechanical detectors for sound waves. (See Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above).
181,	Acoustics, subclasses 101+ , 123+ and 125 for devices analogous to "sonic" or acoustical testing apparatus of this (73) class. (Acoustical)
194,	Check-Actuated Control Mechanisms, for check controlled measuring and testing devices, and subclasses 302+ for fraud preventing coin-testing devices. (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing)
198,	Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 502 for a conveyor combined with load measuring means, and subclasses 504+ for a conveyor combined with a load weighing means. (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing)
200,	Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, for the combination of a measuring instrument and a circuit controller when specific structure of the circuit controller is claimed. Class 73 takes the combination of a class 73 measuring instrument and a circuit controller when the circuit controller is claimed broadly. In connection with Class 200, the definitions of the subclasses of Class 73 which provide for measuring instruments combined with other structure are modified by this note. (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing).
203,	Distillation: Processes, Separatory, subclasses 1+ for a process of separatory distillation including a positive step of determining a specific characteristic for control purposes. (Chemical).
204,	Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclasses 400+ for apparatus for performing electrolytic analysis and testing. (Chemical)
205,	Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclasses 775+ for electrolytic analysis and testing processes. (Chemical)
209,	Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, (see also the Class 209 reference for Inspecting), for testing and assorting of solids in accordance with physical characteristics, as by sifting materials to determine the proportion of each size in the whole; attention is called particularly to assorting in subclasses 509+ which includes means for testing or measuring objects and sorting them in accordance with their characteristics. (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing).
209,	Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, subclass 702 for manual assorting involving inspecting means. (Inspecting)
221,	Article Dispensing, subclass 155 for article dispensers not otherwise provided for, having transparent inspecting or viewing means so that the articles can be dispensed and may be inspected. (Inspecting)
222,	Dispensing, subclasses 154+ , for inspecting devices combined with fluent material dispensers so that the material to be dispensed may be inspected. (Inspecting)
222,	Dispensing, (see also Class 222 reference for Inspecting), for dispensers which involve volume measuring, and see section 6 of the main class definition of Class 222, for the line with volume or rate of flow meters. The notes to Class 222 set forth the search field for apparatus for dispensing measured quantities of material.
234,	Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching), subclasses 33+ for a selective cutting device provided with stopping means responsive to detection of improper treatment of work (e.g., failure to punch in every column, or to follow a 2 - 5 code). (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing)
235,	Registers, subclass 61 for mechanical calculators and subclass 92 for electrical counting techniques which may include testing or measuring. (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing).
241,	Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, for solid comminution combined with measuring or testing of material. See section 12 of the main class definition of that class for a statement of the line. (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing).
248,	Supports, subclass 27 for means for supporting an instrument in a panel. (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing)
250,	Radiant Energy, for measuring and testing by radiant energy and measuring radiant energy. See particularly subclass 250 for wavemeters for radiated electro-magnetic waves, 253+ for methods and apparatus to irradiate earth material above or below the ground and testing the radiation modified or emitted as a result or irradiation by the material or testing the radiation emitted by the material, 281+ for methods and apparatus for the ionic separation or analysis of materials, 306+ for methods and apparatus for the inspection of solids or liquids by charged particles, 336.1+ for methods and apparatus including invisible radiant energy responsive electric signalling having detectors sensitive to infrared, ultraviolet, X-ray, radio-active rays and neutron radiation or to a radiation source modified by a tested material: and 472.1+ for methods of detecting invisible radiation by a nonelectrical detector or invisible radiation nonelectrical detectors, per se. (Radiant Energy--also see Optical references).
250,	Radiant Energy, subclasses 336+ for speed responsive devices using an invisible radiation source and an electric signalling device and, subclasses 459+ for speed responsive stroboscopes using invisible radiation and a luminous screen.
250,	Radiant Energy, subclass 71 for fluorescent detectors of ray energy, subclasses 83+ for miscellaneous detectors of ray energy. (See Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above).
250,	Radiant Energy, subclasses 281+ for methods and apparatus for the ionic separation or analysis of ionic material by the mass to charge ratio of the ionic material (e.g., mass spectrometry). (Electrical)
252,	Compositions, subclass 408 for chemical indicating compositions. (See Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above)
252,	Compositions, subclass 299.01 for liquid crystal compositions and subclass 408.1 for analytical, testing or indicating compositions involved in a physical test procedure. (Chemical).
290,	Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants, for electric generating means driven by a prime mover (a motor other than an electric motor) having prime-mover controls (e.g., throttle, fuel valve, etc.) which are characteristic of controls used on prime movers. The line between Class 290 and Class 73 is as follows: Where the claimed subject matter is clearly limited to testing the prime mover, or where the generating means is designated specifically as a "dynamometer", or a generator having an absorption circuit (such as, for example, an induction disk, or a resistor across the armature circuit of the generator), original classification is in Class 73. Where the generating means is claimed merely as a "generator" or a "dynamo-electric machine" and the claim is not otherwise limited to testing, original classification is in Class 290, regardless of the specific disclosure. (Electrical)
292,	Closure Fasteners, subclasses 307+ for miscellaneous seals and sealing devices, which may be employed in connection with measuring and testing devices. (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing).
310,	Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, appropriate subclasses, for the structure of electrical generators. The line between testing means which generate electricity in Class 73 and generating means in Class 310 is as follows: Where the claimed subject matter is limited to structural details only of a dynamoelectric machine or a generator of a dynamometer, original classification is in Class 310 regardless of the title or function assigned to the structure (for example, a "dynamometer" having detailed structure set forth which pertains only to the structure of the generating mechanism, per se, is classifiable in class (310).
310,	Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 306 for pyromagnetic devices and subclass 311 for piezoelectric devices. (See Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above).
315,	Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, see Note 3C.
315,	Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclasses 364+ , for processes and apparatus for testing such devices. (Electrical)
320,	Electricity: Battery and Capacitor Charging and Discharging, subclass 48 . (Electrical)
322,	Electricity: Single Generator Systems, appropriate subclasses, for systems of control of electric generators of general application. The line between testing means which generate electricity in Class 73 and generating systems in Class 322 is as follows: Where the claimed subject matter is limited (either positively or by necessary inference) to a system which includes a "dynamometer" or to a dynamoelectric machine having an absorption circuit (such as for example a dynamoelectric machine or generator having an eddy current disk or an induction disk or having a resistor connected across the output circuit thereof), original classification is in Class 73. Where the claimed subject matter is limited merely to an electric "generator" or to a "dynamoelectric machine" in combination with control means therefor, original classification is in Class 322, regardless of the disclosure, except as noted herein above in the reference to Class 290. (Electrical)
324,	Electricity: Measuring and Testing, for testing to determine electrical properties by electrical means even though nonelectrical values are derived from the electrical values determined. Note particularly subclasses 323+ for ore detection by determination of electrical properties, subclass 71.5 for the determination of nonelectric properties by measuring electric properties, and subclasses 76.11+ for the measurement of electricity, per se. (Electrical)
324,	Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclasses 68+ for electrical speed measurement. (Speed Measuring).
338,	Electrical Resistors, subclasses 2+ for strain gauge type resistors and subclasses 13+ for resistors whose value changes in response to a condition or conditions. Also see the Electrical reference to Class 338. (See Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above).
338,	Electrical Resistors, subclasses 2+ includes resistors of the strain gauge type together with the device which is subject to deformation when not otherwise classifiable or with structure securing the resistor to such a device. When the meter, Wheatstone bridge connection, or other current measuring device is claimed with the resistor in the above combination, classification is in Class 73, especially subclasses 763+ and 133+. Class 338, subclasses 13+, includes resistors, per se, responsive in resistance value to a change in condition, or resistors combined with a condition sensing actuator which modifies the resistance value of the resistor, such as indented subclasses 25+ for resistors responsive to ambient temperature, subclass 33 for resistors with a float actuator, subclasses 34+ for resistors with gas, vapor, or moisture absorbing or collecting, subclasses 36+ for resistors which are fluid or gas pressure actuated, and subclass 47 for force actuated resistors. The inclusion of a meter, Wheatstone bridge or other current measuring device in series with the resistor in this combination would be sufficient for classification in Class 73, especially subclass 29 for moisture content or vapor pressure analysis, subclasses 453 and 308 for float actuated resistors with indicators, subclasses 133+ for dynamometers, and subclasses 398+ for fluid pressure gauges of the current modifying type. (Electrical)
338,	Electrical Resistors, see Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above.
340,	Communications: Electrical, subclasses 670+ for electrical speed alarms. (Speed Measuring)
340,	Communications: Electrical, subclasses 870.01+ takes telemetric signaling means useful in transmitting a measured quantity, not limited to any particular measuring instrument provided for in other classes, while Class 73 takes such telemetric signaling means in combination with a particular measuring means of the type provided for in Class 73. (Electrical)Class 340 also, in subclasses 500+ takes electrical devices permanently associated with the object or environment being monitored for giving a signal or indication of the presence or absence of a condition but wherein no quantitative measurements may be made. Devices for making a quantitative measurement of the type provided for in Class 73 in which the instrument responds to a condition and a series of indications are given which follow or vary with the variations of the condition are in Class 73, even though employing electrical signaling means, such as lamps, to indicate visually the result. The general line is that Class 73 takes particular measuring or testing means, even though claimed in combination with electric signaling means, while Class 340 takes the signaling subcombination. (Electrical).
340,	Communications: Electrical, see Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above.
342,	Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), see Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above.
342,	Communications: Directive, Radio Wave Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), appropriate subclasses, for those utilizing transmitted radio wave energy; see subclasses 1 through 205for those utilizing reflected or otherwise returned radio wave (radar) energy. (Speed Measuring)
342,	Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), subclasses 1 through 205for miscellaneous apparatus and method which involve the use of a reflected and/or otherwise returned radio wave (radar) system for detecting an object, or to measure the distance, direction and/or velocity of an object, and subclasses 350+ for directional radio. (Radiant Energy--also see Optical references).
343,	Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, subclasses 700+ for antennas. (See Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above).
346,	Recorders, appropriate subclass. (Speed Measuring).
346,	Recorders, appropriate subclass. (Time Measuring).
346,	Recorders, (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing).
346,	Recorders, appropriate subclass. (Electrical)
351,	Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting, subclasses 200+ for optical eye examining and vision testing instruments such as optometers. (Optical, also see Radiant Energy References).
356,	Optics: Measuring and Testing, for processes and apparatus which utilize visible light to measure the optical properties of substances, test visible light for optical properties and which use visible light to test for nonoptical properties not classified elsewhere particularly subclasses 23+ for optical stroboscopes, subclasses 32+ for material strain analysis, subclasses 43+ for optical pyrometers, subclasses 124+ for lens or reflective image former testing, subclasses 213+ for photometers and subclasses 237+ for visual flaw inspection apparatus. (Optical, also see Radiant Energy References).
362,	Illumination, subclasses 2 , 138 and 139 for inspection lamps. (Inspecting).
362,	Illumination, (see also Class 362 reference for Inspecting), subclasses 23+ for measuring instrument dials combined with illuminating means. (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing).
367,	Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices, subclasses 141+ for underwater vibration detectors and subclasses 178+ for geophysical vibration transducers. (See Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above)
368,	Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, appropriate subclasses and the classes specified under "SEARCH CLASS" in the class and subclass definitions. (Time Measuring).
369,	Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, subclasses 53.1 through 53.45for an indication or test of an information storage or retrieval device or element thereof. (See Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above.)
369,	Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, see Note 4.
374,	Thermal Measuring and Testing, for testing to determine a thermal condition or property of a specimen. (Electrical)
374,	Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclasses 6+ for determination of distance or position by measuring a thermal quantity related thereto. (Geometrical Instruments).
374,	Thermal Measuring and Testing, for the combination of a thermal test and a thermal test and a nonthermal test. (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing).
376,	Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and Elements, subclasses 153+ for detection of radiation by an induced nuclear reaction; subclasses 207+ for means to control a nuclear reaction; subclasses 207+ for means to control a nuclear reactor which means may include measuring and testing means; and subclasses 245+ for measuring or testing means; and subclasses 245+ for measuring or testing a fission reactor condition. (Chemical)
422,	Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, appropriate subclasses, especially subclasses 50+ , 105+ and 129+ for analyzing apparatus involving means for causing, promoting, regulating, or controlling a chemical reaction. (Chemical)
422,	Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclasses 55+ for structured visual or optical indicator, per se, such as a litmus paper or other chemical test papers. (See Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above)
424,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclasses 1.11+ for Class 424 compositions containing a radionuclide and subclasses 9.1+ for compositions and methods for diagnosing or testing for a body condition or determining the potency of a medicine in a living being. (Biological)
424,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, appropriate subclasses for class defined in vivo test compositions and methods, particularly subclasses 1.11+ wherein a radionuclide or intended radionuclide is recited. (Radiant Energy--also see Optical references)
428,	Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 616 for a bimetallic element, per se. (See Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above).
435,	Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclasses 4+ for processes in which there is a direct or indirect qualitative or quantitative measurement or test of a material which contains an enzyme or microorganism as well as processes in which a material containing an enzyme or microorganism is used to perform a qualitative or quantitative measurement or test, and compositions therefor and the processes of making such compositions; and subclasses 287.1+ for an apparatus for performing the above processes. (Chemical)
435,	Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass 35 for a test method which involves both an enzyme or microbial reaction and the use of a radioactive material and subclass 288.7 for an optical enzyme or microbial reaction measuring and testing device in combination. (Radiant Energy--also see Optical references).
436,	Chemistry: Analytical And Immunological Testing, subclasses 57+ for a test method (which involves both a chemical reaction (e.g., ion exchange) and a measurement of radioactivity or isotope distribution. (Radiant Energy--also see Optical references).
455,	Telecommunications, subclasses 2.01 , 67.11-67.7, 115.1-115.4 and subclasses 226.1-226.4 for measuring and testing of modulated carrier wave communications.
494,	Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators, subclass 10 , for apparatus of that class provided with means for measuring or testing. (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing).
702,	Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing, appropriate subclasses for data processing system or calculating computer which is utilized to effect a measuring, testing, or monitoring operation on an external device or quantity, wherein the external device or quantity is only nominally claimed. When significant structure to the measuring or testing device is claimed, classification is in Class 73. (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or Testing).
702,	Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing, subclasses 1+ for measurement system in a specific environment, subclasses 85+ for calibrating or correction system, subclasses 108+ for testing system, and subclasses 127+ for generic measurement system. Class 73 takes the combination of register claimed broadly or specifically in combination with significant measuring or testing of the type provided for in Class 73. (Electrical)
935,	Genetic Engineering: Recombinant DNA Technology, Hybrid or Fused Cell Technology, and Related Manipulations of Nucleic Acids, which provides a search collection for processes of altering the genetic structure of micro-organisms; genes and methods of modifying genes and their expression; vectors and methods of modifying vectors; methods of introducing DNA into a cell; microorganisms, per se, which have had their genetic sequence altered by recombinant DNA techniques or by cell fusion or by uptake of DNA; testing; separation techniques; apparatus; and methods of use of vectors or of the genetically engineered micro-organisms; methods of gene therapy or genetic modification of living organisms. (Chemical; and Radiant Energy [and see Optical references]).

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 73 subclass 1.01]

1.01

INSTRUMENT PROVING OR CALIBRATING:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising a process or an apparatus for (a) ascertaining (i.e., proving) the quality of a measuring device, a testing device, or a condition responsive device by testing the respective device, or (b) checking, adjusting, or standardizing systematically (i.e., calibrating) the graduations of a quantitative measuring instrument or a condition responsive device (e.g., sensors, safety valves, etc.).

(1) Note. Where the proving or calibrating is by measuring means or testing means of a kind provided for in another measuring or testing class, the subject matter is found in the other measuring or testing class. See such measuring or testing class and the Lines With Other Classes to this class definition.

(2) Note. Where more structure of a measuring device, a testing device, or a condition responsive device is recited than that which is necessary to (a) prove or calibrate or (b) identify the measuring device, the testing device, or the condition responsive device, the subject matter goes with the analyzer or the condition responsive device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

137,	Fluid Handling, subclasses 455+ for a line condition change responsive valve.
200,	Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, appropriate subclasses for mechanical switches with adjustment means.
250,	Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for measuring invisible light combined with calibration, particularly subclass 252.1 for (a) a method for establishing a reference indication of invisible radiation or (b) a method of error determination or correction using a reference indication of invisible radiation level; and subclass 363.09 for a method of invisible radiant energy responsive electrical signalling with a radiant energy source and with calibration.
257,	Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes), subclass 48 for test or calibration structure for an active solid-state device.
324,	Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 74 for testing or calibrating electric meters by purely electrical means; subclass 130 for systems for measuring, testing, or sensing electricity, per se, with self calibration; subclass 202 for calibration of magnetic measuring or testing systems; and subclass 601 for calibration of impedance, admittance, or other electrically stimulated response measuring or testing systems.
340,	Communications: Electrical, subclass 501 for an apparatus for providing a humanly perceptible signal in response to a predetermined condition (e.g., alarms) combined with calibration or compensation means and subclass 870.04 for a telemetry system combined with calibration means.
342,	Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), subclasses 165+ for testing or calibrating of a radar system.
356,	Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for an apparatus for measuring or testing by measuring visible light combined with proving or testing means, especially subclass 6 for testing or indicating the condition of a range finder with regards to its adjustment, alignment, or calibration by measuring visible light; subclass 46 for an electric light utilizing a lamp as a standard for photometry or optical pyrometry measuring; subclass 124 for lens or reflective image former testing in general; and subclass 243 for an apparatus for measuring or testing visible light including structure for a basis for comparison with a specimen or a portion thereof under test.
374,	Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclasses 1+ for calibration or testing of a thermally responsive device.
377,	Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems, subclass 29 for calibrating or testing an electrical counter.
378,	X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 207 for a testing or calibration accessory of an X-ray or gamma ray system.
435,	Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass 967 for a cross-reference art collection of standards, controls, materials (e.g., validation studies, buffer systems, etc.).
702,	Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing, appropriate subclasses for the use of an electronic calculator to adjust a measurement device.

[List of Patents for class 73 subclass 1.02]

1.02

Gas or liquid analyzer:

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.01. Subject matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or calibrating or (b) the device which is being proven or calibrated either (1) detects or measures the composition of, or some constituent or an identifying characteristic of a gas or gaseous mixture or (2) detects or determines the composition of, a constituent of, or a property of a liquid or a liquid suspension of a solid.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

23.2+,	for a gas analyzer or sensor, per se, in particular subclasses 23.21+ for a gas analyzer including means for making a correction for an undesirable variation in a condition within an apparatus or in a test result due to such condition.
53.01+,	for liquid testing (e.g., liquid chromatography), per se.
73+,	for detecting the moisture content of a material.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

204,	Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 401 for fault testing of a sensor or a component of an electrolytic analysis and testing apparatus and subclass 408 for such an analysis or testing apparatus with means for temperature or pressure compensation.
250,	Radiant Energy, subclasses 253+ for the detection of a gas either within or emanating from the earth by invisible radiation emanating from the gas naturally or as a result of irradiation by invisible radiation; and subclasses 336.1+ for testing of a gas by utilizing an electric signalling device detecting radiation induced or emitted naturally or detecting infrared, ultraviolet, X-ray, or gamma radiation or neutrons modified by the gas.
324,	Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for testing an electrical property of a gas, in particular subclasses 464+ for analyzing gas using ionization effects.
338,	Electrical Resistors, subclasses 34+ for a resistor, per se, which is responsive to the condition of a gas wherein no quantitative measurements of the gas are disclosed.
340,	Communications: Electrical, subclasses 632+ for an electrical indicator providing a humanly perceptible signal representing a predetermined condition of a gas.
356,	Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclasses 402+ for gas analysis utilizing a colorimeter to determine the shade or color of the gas.
422,	Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclasses 50+ for an apparatus utilizing a chemical reaction to analyze gas.
436,	Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, subclass 68 for a process which utilizes a chemical reaction to analyze gas.

[List of Patents for class 73 subclass 1.03]

1.03

Reference standard:

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.02. Subject matter including a means for providing a reference criterion and wherein the apparatus for proving or calibrating uses the reference criterion for comparison purposes for proving or calibrating the device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

204,	Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclasses 427+ for an electrolytic gas sample sensor, per se, combined with a gas reference material; and subclass 435 for a standard reference electrode in an electrolytic analysis or testing apparatus.
356,	Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 243 for an apparatus for measuring or testing visible light including structure forming a basis for comparison with a specimen or a portion thereof under test.
436,	Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, particularly subclasses 8+ for a composition for standardization, calibration, simulation, or processes of use in preparation for chemical testing.

1.04	Permeable outlet or flawed element:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.03. Subject matter wherein the reference standard comprises (a) a barrier having interstices, pores, or micropores through which the liquid or gas diffuses or (b) a solid body having a known imperfection which is detected by the gas or liquid.

[List of Patents for class 73 subclass 1.05]

1.05

Piston, sprayer, nozzle, or orifice:

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.03. Subject matter wherein the reference standard comprises either (a) a solid cylinder or disk that fits snugly into a large cylinder and moves back and forth under fluid pressure (i.e., a piston), (b) a means for discharging a fine jet of liquid from a pressurized container (i.e., a sprayer), (c) a tube having a taper or constriction (i.e., a nozzle), or (d) an opening (i.e., an orifice).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1.16+,

for either (a) proving or calibrating a flowmeter