This class includes processes and apparatus for: (1) Producing
strands of indefinite length by means of a twisting, twining and/or
untwisting operation; (2) Twisting filamentary and/or fibrous
material into yarns, threads, cords, ropes, wire ropes, cables,
etc.; (3) Other operations such as attenuating, drafting or drawing
fibrous material, when combined with twisting or twining, and not
elsewhere classified; (4) Covering cores of indefinite length when
including or followed by a twisting or twining Operation. The products
of the above are also included where not elsewhere classified.
(1)
Note. Spinning, as it is known in the art with reference to
the production of yarns, etc., from cotton, wool and/or
other fibrous materials, includes the attenuating, drawing or drafting
of the fibrous material, together with the twisting and winding
thereof. See Subclass References to the Current Class, below. Subcombinations
of spinning devices (except drawing, which is found elsewhere; see
References to Other Classes, below) are found elsewhere in this
class.
It is noted that "silk throwing" is sometimes spoken
of as "spinning". The term is considered properly
applied only when operating on short fiber silk or short lengths
of artificial filaments or waste of such, and in the same manner
as cotton, wool and other fibrous materials are spun.
(2)
Note. The term "twisting couple" as employed
in this class defines that part of a spinning or twisting machine
comprising a strand receiver and an element cooperating therewith
to twist and wind the strand material. One element of the couple
by its rotation or revolution twists the strand. The relative rotation
between one element and the other causes the winding when the elements
are concentric or coaxial.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
The term "spinning" is sometimes applied
to the production of artificial filaments by extrusion of material through
a spinneret. Apparatus for such production of the filaments with
or without subsequent twist thereof is in Class 425, Plastic Articles
or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus, subclasses 66 and
67+.
The line between this class and Class 174, Electricity: Conductors
and Insulators, is as follows: Patents claiming only conductor structure
are found in Class 174. Patents claiming strand structure of twisted
or twined form and not limited to conductors are found in this class (57),
subclasses 200+.
The line between this class (57) and Class 29, Metal Working,
is as follows: Original patents claiming method of, or means for
twisting a plurality of elongated filamentary materials together
to form a solid cable or "wire rope" are found:
(a) in this class (57) if the material is nonmetal or if the material
is metal that is clearly not stressed beyond its elastic limit;
or (b) in Class 29 if the material is metal that is operated upon
as by tension, stress beyond elastic limit, or equivalent deformation,
to produce a "permanent" set in the material.
Within Class 29, subclasses 428+ is the locus of method
claims, and subclasses 700+ the locus of apparatus claims,
directed to the subject matter set forth above.
SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS
for the attenuating, drawing or drafting of fibrous
material, together with the twisting and winding thereof.
(1)
Note. Since continuous filamentary material ordinarily cannot
be drafted, the term "spinning" as employed in
this class cannot be applied to the twisting of silk in filamentary
form, continuous artificial filaments, wires, etc. Consequently,
search for devices for operating on such material should not be
made in subclass 315.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, particularly
subclasses 103 , 145+, 164, and 165+ for processes
for production of artificial filaments by extrusion through a spinneret
with or without subsequent twisting thereof.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising apparatus for spinning, twisting,
or twining, processes involving the use of such apparatus not classified
elsewhere, or processes for spinning, twisting, or twining not limited
to the use of such apparatus.
(1)
Note. The subject matter of these subclasses indented hereunder,
which subject matter is defined in apparatus terms, should be understood
to encompass the apparatus as defined and processes involving the
use of such apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Apparatus for both stapilizing and twisting continuous filament
yarns or bundles to produce spun or simulated spun yarn.
(1)
Note. The stapilizing operation may be performed upon individual
continuous filaments, a tow or slightly twisted bundle of such filaments,
or upon a yarn produced by twisting such filaments.
Textiles: Fiber Preparation,
subclasses .3+ for the combination of a significantly claimed
stapilizing process or apparatus with a twisting method or means
not claimed significantly, also for stapilizing processes and apparatus
per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Devices for untwisting or untwining strand material and
leading at least one of the former component strands away from the
untwisting zone along a path distinct from that followed by the
remainder of such component strands.
Metal Working,
subclass 202.5 for a cable wrapping device which "sets" the
wrapping material by means other than the mere application, and
see (1) Note thereunder.
Package Making, appropriate subclasses for methods of and apparatus for
encompassing or encasing goods or materials with a separate cover
or band which serves as means for identifying, protecting or unit
handling the goods or materials, especially
subclasses 203+ and subclasses 204 and 210+ indented thereunder
for apparatus to wrap a contents to form a package.
Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, appropriate subclasses for laminating processes and apparatus
and especially
subclasses 51+ for covering electrical conductors of indefinite
length, subclasses 169+ for processes of winding strands
about a core, and subclasses 184+ for processes of winding
a sheet or web about a core.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Devices including means for opening a twisted or twined
strand having a core, removing the core, inserting a new core, and
closing the remaining strands about such new core.
(1)
Note. The strand structure is usually untwisted for removal
of the old core and retwisted after insertion of the new core, in
a continuous operation, in which case the total twisting operation
consists of the imposition of a temporary or false twist.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Devices for feeding and wrapping horsehair, grass, quillstock,
and the like with one or more strands. Quillstock is prepared from
quills of feathers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Apparatus for applying loosely associated, untwisted or
substantially untwisted fibers spirally about a core. Compacting
the fibers about the core is included, when in combination with the
applying means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Devices combined with apparatus for performing operations
other than twisting, covering or wrapping, and not elsewhere classified.
(1)
Note. With the exception of coating or impregnating, the other
operations are usually precedent or concomitant with the twisting
operation. Twisting operations combined with subsequent operations
are usually classified with the final operation. See the Search
Notes below.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices including means to apply a fluid or plastic material
to the wrapping, the core, and/or to the completed article.
Coating Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for coating apparatus, per
se, and see Treatment of Textiles or Leather in the class definition
for the line between Class 118 and the textile classes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices having means for incorporating pulverulent material
into the twisted strand. For example, this subclass includes incorporation of
gunpowder as in fuse making.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices provided with means to preform or shape the wire
or strand before the covering or wrapping operation. This operation
is usually for the purpose of preventing backtwist or to cause even
laying of the strands about the core.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Apparatus wherein the supply of covering strands is revolved
about the core and moved longitudinally thereof during the covering operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Apparatus wherein the core is rotated bodily to wind the
covering strand thereon. Either the supply for the covering strand
may be moved longitudinally of the core or the core may have an
additional longitudinal movement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Apparatus wherein means is provided in addition to the covering
or wrapping means to twist the core concomitantly with the covering thereof,
or to twist the completed strand, including the core, following
or simultaneously with the application of the covering.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Apparatus wherein the wrapping material is fed from supply
reels or bobbins which are mounted for rotation coaxially of the
core.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus where in the wrapping material is fed from supply
reels or bobbins which are mounted for rotation coaxially of the
core.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Apparatus wherein the wrapping material is fed from supply
reels or bobbins which are mounted for rotation coaxially of the
core.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Implements used in connection with splicing, such as those
used to separate the strands of a rope or cable to facilitate the
splicing operation.
(1)
Note. For needles of general application, see search notes
below.
(2)
Note. For hand implements employed in knot tying operations,
see search notes below.
Joints and Connections,
subclasses 206+ for a joint of general application involving a
curved or bent rod, subclass 275 for a joint involving a stranded
rod wherein the rod is deformed by an element inserted between the
strands and subclass 291 for a joint involving a flexible member
in general.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Means for forming strands, usually ornamental, by twisting
two or more strands or filaments together to bind in numerous short
transverse threads or filaments.
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Devices having means for doubling the strands after the
initial twist is made to permit the reverse twist.
This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Devices having also devices inserted between the doubled
strands to hold back the reverse twist as it is made and insure
an even laying thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Apparatus having means to insert additional hard twist to
cause the strand to curl or coil about its longitudinal axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Apparatus having means for feeding individual hairs, stalks
of straw or the like successively to a machine for forming them
into a yarn.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Devices for twisting paper or paper-like material, such
as synthetic tape, asbestos paper, etc., in ribbon form with or
without the addition of fibrous material to form yarns or cords
therefrom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Devices having additional means for applying fluid or plastic
material to the paper or paper-like material, concomitantly with
the twisting operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Apparatus for forming hollow ropes or strands by twisting
or twining operations. These machines usually involve twisting or
twining of strands upon a hollow mandrel.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Means for twining or twisting together two or more strands,
in which strands from a plurality of sources of supply extend to
a closing point with the strand from at least one such source being
revolved (as by a flyer) about at least one other such supply source
before being intertwisted or intertwined with the remaining strand
or strands.
(1)
Note. In a typical structure of this type, most of the strand
supply sources are mounted substantially co-axially within an elongated
cradle, tube, cage, or flyer, and the strands are led to points
away from the axis of such structure (to clear other supply sources)
and thence along the structure toward a closing point which is beyond
the confines of the flyer but located on the axis thereof. The revolution,
about the remaining packages, of the strand(s) to be twisted is
like the revolution of the rope about the jumper in rope skipping.
(2)
Note. The component strands are laid together in adjacent
helical convolutions, with or without twisting of the individual strands
forming such convolutions. Such individual component twisting depends upon
the revolution of the individual supply source, from which the component
strand emanates, about an axis substantially parallel to that of
the unwinding strand.
(3)
Note. The devices of this subclass are distinguished from
those of subclass 58.49 in that here a strand does not necessarily
pass in a loop about its own supply. Multiple twisters, however,
may be found as subcombinations of the apparatus of this and indented
subclasses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.3. Devices for maintaining a desired rate of rotation of the
supply source carrier or cradle relative to a fixed point (such
as the machine frame).
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.3. Means including a support for a spool-carrying cradle which
comprises a part of the joint structure for assembling two sections
of a built-up tube or flyer, or which comprises a tube or flyer supporting
and/or driving disc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.3. Apparatus wherein means are provided for guiding strands
along the strand revolving structure (e.g., tube or flyer) in the
direction of the closing point.
(1)
Note. The guiding means herein classified are exclusive of
the means for guiding the strands from the tube frame or flyer to
the closing point for which see the search notes below.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.36. Devices including means for rotating the guiding means about
its own axis, which axis is substantially parallel to the axis of
the strand revolving structure.
(1)
Note. Such guides usually function to control torsion in the
strands to be intertwined while they are being led toward the closing
point.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Devices in which a loop or balloon of strand material being
twisted is revolved about its own supply or take-up package.
(1)
Note. Two twists are produced for each revolution of a single
loop about its package. Further twist may be added (or subtracted)
by the introduction of an additional loop of the strand revolving about
its package in the sense opposite to (or the same as) that of the
first loop. For patents disclosing such plural co-axial loops, see
subclass 58.61 indented hereunder.
(2)
Note. These devices differ from the devices in subclass 58.3
in that the latter must include at least one strand loop revolving
about the package of another strand. Unitary multiple twist devices,
of the type found in this and indented subclasses, may constitute
a subcombination of a skip type strander; see, for example patent
2,499,245 to Harmon, in subclass 58.32 above.
(3)
Note. Either the supply package or the take-up package, or
both, may be rotated or revolved to produce an additional or subtractive
twist.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.49. Apparatus comprising a multiple twist device which is additionally
effective to strand, ply, or intertwine two or more strands, or
the combination of a multiple twist device with stranding, plying,
or intertwining means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.52. Means provided with two or more complete unitary multiple
twist units operating on strands to be stranded or laid together.
(1)
Note. A multiple twist unit is composed of a strand package
and means to revolve at least one loop of the strand about such package.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.54. Devices in which strands supplied by a plurality of multiple
twist units are stranded or laid by a succeeding multiple twist
unit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.52. Apparatus comprising a multiple twist device which is additionally
effective to impart false twist to a strand being twisted, or the
combination of a multiple twist device with associated false twisting
means.
(1)
Note. Means to prevent twist occurring at the normal or usual
twisting point, and causing it to appear later, are properly classified
in this subclass; see, for example, patent 1,907,551 to Kraft, which appears
as a cross reference in this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.4. Devices comprising a multiple twist device which is additionally
effective to impart false twist to a strand being twisted, or the
combination of a multiple twist device with associated false twisting
means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.49. Devices in which two or more loops or balloons of the same
strand are revolved coaxially about the strand package.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.49. Means including synchronously rotated loop-forming flyer
members whose centers of rotation are located, one on either side
of the strand package, at axially spaced points on the path of travel
of the strand.
(1)
Note. For inclusion in this subclass, the invention must relate
to plural flyers individually driven. Patents directed to plural
connected flyers, only one of which is driven, are classified according to
characteristics other than the multi-part nature of the strand revolving means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.65. Means in which the strand winding guide is revolved about
the package, or the package is reciprocated to provide relative
traverse of the strand in winding.
Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,
subclasses 484+ for a traverse mechanism for shifting a material
take-up guide and 474.6 for a winding device having a material guide
that revolves around a take-up.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.65. Apparatus in which the winding bobbin or reel is driven,
through slippable means, by the flyer drive, thus incorporating
a flexible drive which is responsive to the varying load demands
of the package and strand.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.49. Devices having means for positively feeding the strands
to, through, or from the multiple twist device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.72. Means in which the control over the package is exercised
to prevent or reduce vibration of the package or its support.
(1)
Note. Control means which operate only to diminish the amplitude
of oscillation of the package holder about its mounting axis are
not considered to be vibration dampers for this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.72. Devices in which at least one magnetic field of force extends
between the package or package carrier structure and another part
of the device and operates to control the motion of the package.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.72. Apparatus wherein a train of gearing extends from the package
or package carrier structure to another part of the device and operates
to control motion of such package.
(1)
Note. The gearing often is of the planetary type.
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