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CLASS 53,	PACKAGE MAKING
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This class is the generic class of apparatus for and methods of encompassing, encasing or completely surrounding goods or materials with a cover made from sheet material stock.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

A. PACKAGING AND BINDING ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED

Banding apparatus is found in this class, subclass 582 and the corresponding processes are found in subclass 399. Banding machines and processes, either, per se, or combined with other machines or steps, are also found in many places; for which see the search notes below to Textiles: Presses; and Tobacco.

Combined packaging and binding apparatus is found in this class, subclasses 138.6+, and corresponding processes are found in subclasses 410+. Because the related arts have often treated banding and binding as equivalents, the references to the Binding art refer back to this section, rather than to the section on Other Covering, below. Binding machines and processes, either per se or combined with other machines or steps, are also found in many places, see the notes under Search Class to classes for textiles: manufacturing; harvesters; presses; manufacturing container or tube from paper; or other manufacturing from a sheet or web.

Since practically all packaging and binding elsewhere classified includes not only packaging and binding, per se, but the combination therewith of other devices or steps no attempt to distinguish between the references to packaging and binding, per se, and to combined packaging and binding, has been made.

Methods of packaging, binding, and immobilization of hazardous or toxic waste for the sole intent to permanently containing the waste are found in Class 588. Methods of packaging to move hazardous or toxic materials through commerce where the materials are removed from the container for subsequent use or treatment are proper for Class 53.

See References to Other Classes below that reference this section.

B. OTHER COVERING

Since covering is a form of assembly, reference is made to the notes to Class 29, Metal Working, See the Search Class note below referencing this section.

Because the related arts have often treated banding and binding as equivalents, references to the binding art have been placed in "Packaging And Binding Elsewhere Classified," above, rather than in this section. See References to Other Classes, below, that reference this section for other covering classes.

C. PACKAGES, AND PACKAGED AND BANDED ARTICLES

Capsules are found in several other classes. See References to Other Classes, below, that reference this section.

D. PACKAGING AND BINDING SUBCOMBINATIONS

See the article dispensing class for article dispensers (feeders) not otherwise provided for.

For cutting and/or scoring sheets for cover blanks, and for cutting combined with form-scoring; and for form-scoring generally of a sheet or web, see the Search Class references below.

SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

SECTION V - GLOSSARY

BAND

A species of cover in which the cover material completely encircles the contents in one direction only, such as girth, leaving the contents fully exposed on two sides or ends, and which is in frictional contact with the contents so as to be retained thereon. See "BINDING".

BINDING

The embracing by means of a filament, strand or wire of either an accumulated bunch of articles, a series of coils, or a single encased package. It differs from banding in that no substantial area of the contents is covered, and the binder is usually tied, knotted, or twisted. Except where applied to a package for this class, (see subclass 138.6), the process of and apparatus for applying a binding is not here classified. See "Packaging and Binding Elsewhere Classified" of the Class Definition for binding, per se.

CLOSURE

A species of cover in which a separate cover member completes the encasement or confinement of contents within a preformed receptacle when said member is assembled within, over or around the aperture of said receptacle.

CONTENTS

The goods or materials which are, or are to be, confined within the space defined by the cover of the package, An insert sheet or coupon, to be packaged with other goods is considered to be a part of a group contents. See "GROUP FORMING". A package resulting from a first packaging operation may become the contents of a second packaging operation.

COVER

A member, made from sheet material stock which serves to confine the contents by either a complete encasement or a partial encasement, and which fully encircles or encompasses the contents in at least one direction. A band, closure, preformed container, carton or receptacle, though said members are not "made from sheet material", are each considered covers for this class. A spindle or core which extends into or through a preformed aperture in the contents is considered to be a partial cover. See subclass 581. See "BAND", "CLOSURE", and "RECEPTACLE".

COVER-ADJUNCT

Some accessory, device or abiding characteristic which is supplied to, or formed integral with, a cover to perform some function in addition to the mere enclosing of the contents. Such adjuncts include the addition to a cover of (1) a filament, strand, wire, stamp, label, handle, or display support, (2) a filler piece for the gap resulting between two or more folded flaps, (3) some auxiliary cover seam retaining device, including a staple, a clip, a sewn stitch, or a simultaneously integrally formed and set tab-and-slot retaining means, (4) a coating, printing, embossing or other marking, ornamenting or display feature, (5) some means to provide for opening the cover such as, e.g., a tear strip, (6) a cover attached reinforcement, article holder, or article remover, or (7) a window or window opening, (8) a contents contacting sealing spot, disc or gasket, (9) a superimposed disc which is applied to a hood or cap so as to depress said disc and a portion of the hood or cap within the aperture of a receptacle, (10) a cam actuated sealing or gripping means on the closure for fastening said closure, or (11) a protection strip placed over the contents of a receptacle (e.g., matches) and inserted between the side of the receptacle and the contents. However, the operations of slitting or notching of cover blanks and flaps preparatory to the shaping of the cover, or the application of adhesive to the cover to aid in seam retaining are not considered cover-adjuncts for this class. Nor is the addition of a transitory characteristic to a cover for the purpose of aiding in the packaging, e.g., the addition of moisture to a wrapper, considered to be a cover-adjunct.

FEED

Feed or delivery, as distinct from infeed, is transfer, conveyance, movement or translation of assembly components to or from what is established as a work position; at which position further motion of the components with respect to each other - generally a straight line movement along the major axis of either or both components - is called infeed. Thus, for example, motion of a closure element from a hopper or magazine to a superimposed position over the aperture of a receptacle is referred to as feed or delivery while the final juxtapositioning of the closure and receptacles previously aligned and oriented is considered infeed.

FILLING

The step of placing a contents within a cover. It is not necessary that the contents occupy the entire space encased; i.e., the cover may be only partially filled by a filling operation.

GROUP FORMING

The accumulating or gathering of an associated collection of articles, of the same or of different characteristics, by means of a plurality of feeding operations, for placement as a contents in a single cover. An insert sheet or coupon to be packaged with other goods is considered to be an article of different characteristics from the goods. On the other hand, an inner cover, or a section of plural section cover is not considered to be a part of the contents of an outer cover. See "CONTENTS".

HEADER

The means to either (1) hold and position, (2) hold and secure, or (3) juxtaposition and secure a separate closure element during infeed.

INITIAL WRAP

The wrapping of a cover around a contents to form a package is invariably done in two stages, viz.: first, the shaping of the cover about a single end or surface of the contents, and second, a further shaping of the cover by bending or folding the previously unfolded portions thereof so that the latter portions are in contact with the contents end or surface opposite to the end or surface about which the cover was previously shaped. The intermediate state of the cover at the end of the first stage is referred to as the Initial Wrap. The initial wrapping operation begins with the contact between the first end or surface of the contents with the cover and proceeds in two ways, either by (a) an unidirectional relative movement (which is not necessarily continuous) between the folding instrumentalities and the cover material-contents unit or (b) by a first relative movement between the folding instrumentalities and the cover material-contents unit, and one or more succeeding relative movements therebetween, at least the first of which is in a direction different from the first movement, and which serves to complete the shaping of the cover along the first end or surface of the contents without bending or folding the remaining unfolded portions of the cover into contact with the opposite end or surface of the contents.

PACKAGE

A unit consisting of an assembled cover material and contents, where the contents is, or is to be, encased or encircled by the cover material. The cover need not be shaped around the contents, e.g., the unit resulting from the final positioning of a contents upon a cover blank or web, which is then handled as a unit through further packaging operations including an encasement or encirclement, is also termed a package.

RECEPTACLE

A stage of cover formation in which the cover material has been fashioned into such shape as to at least partially confine the contents, as for example, against lateral displacement. A sheet of bendable or foldable cover material which has received a single preliminary fold, such as a U-fold, as well as a completely formed carton, are both considered to be receptacles.

SEAM

Two or more edges of the cover material brought together with or without adhesion. Usually the seam is implemented by adhesion, folding or interfitting but a mere overlapping of two edges is sufficient to constitute a seam.

WRAPPER

A species of flexible cover material in which the initial wrap is bent or folded about the contents as the first step in the encasement of the contents to make a package.

SUBCLASSES

48.1	MULTIPLE BOTTLE OR CAN CARRIER TYPE PACKAGE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus for placing a cover, about a group of containers, e.g., bottles or cans, which cover, after being placed about the containers has (1) an accessible handle and (2) means to establish the spacial relationship of the containers relative to each other. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 49+, for apparatus for applying a cover to an individual bottle. 134, for apparatus for making a package having a handle, generally. 398, for a method of applying a partial cover over a plurality of bottles or cans. 594, for apparatus for forming a partial cover leaving a reduced projecting portion of the contents exposed. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 220,  Receptacles,   subclasses 101 and 102+ for a carrier, e.g., to hold a bottle or the like, having a base depending from a handle or for a carrier to hold a plurality of said bottles, etc., on a base in a desired spacial relationship, regardless of the material from which the carrier is made. 493,  Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web,   for a process of or apparatus for making a paper cover or wrapper, generally; e.g., for making a wrapper blank with a tear strip to be erected to the form of a multiple bottle or multiple can carrier.

48.2	Of shrinkable or memory material:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 48.1.  Apparatus adapted to supply a cover of material which, when thermally or chemically treated, will change size to establish the spacial relationship of the containers relative to each other.

48.3	Of stretchable material:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 48.1.  Apparatus adapted to supply a cover of material which, as it is placed about the containers, is stressed within its elastic limit so that the cover will change size when removed from the apparatus to establish the spacial relationship of the containers relative to each other.

48.4	Continuous web:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 48.3.  Apparatus particularly adapted to deliver packaging material which comprises an elongated sheet, wherein the sheet is of sufficient length that at least one of the leading and trailing ends thereof is not recognized (engaged) by the delivering apparatus.

48.5	Endless loop:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 48.1.  Apparatus wherein the cover is a band connected to itself.

48.6	Wrap:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 48.1.  Apparatus intended to place a cover having two ends about a group of containers such that the ends overlap.

48.7	Of moving bottles or cans:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 48.6.  Apparatus intended to place a cover about a group of containers as they translate through the apparatus.

48.8	Wrap of preformed blank:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 48.6.  Apparatus intended to receive stock material for the cover which is already cut to shape when it enters the apparatus.

48.9	Having means to interlock or tighten:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 48.8.  Apparatus intended to utilize a mechanical feature of the blank for latching the ends together or for drawing the wrap into closer engagement about the containers.

49	BOTTLE IN SHAPED COVER OR CARTON:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus for applying cover material to bottles with accommodation of the cover material to a necked-down or progressively reduced portion of the bottle. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 48.1+, for apparatus for making packages for carrying a plurality of bottles. 287+, for means for applying separate closures to receptacles including hoods or cots for bottles. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   appropriate subclasses for apparatus for adhesively securing labels to bottles.

50	PACKAGE UNFOLDING OR OPENING WITH INSERTION OR ADDITIONAL CONTENTS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus for opening a previously filled package or receptacle by unfolding one or more folds of the cover or by forming or opening a preformed access in the cover, and placing further contents within the cover. (1) Note. The additional contents is usually a coupon or coins. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 186+, for apparatus for opening a collapsed preshaped receptacle and filling it. 266.1+, for apparatus for filling and closing preformed receptacles which include opening a flap, lid etc., for filling. 381.1+, for apparatus for opening a collapsed preshaped receptacle (e.g., bag, envelope) or for manipulating the flaps.

51	REGISTER CONTROL:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus having means for insuring that prescribed areas of the cover are accurately centered with relation to either the contents or opposite edges of the package. (1) Note. The prescribed area of the cover may, for example, have indicia thereon. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 83,  Cutting,   subclasses 72+ for self-regulating web cutting devices and subclasses 360+ for cutting devices whose operation is controlled by means responsive to work, e.g., photocell sensing of reference marks on web. 226,  Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,   subclasses 15+ and 27+ for web registering devices.

52	WITH MEANS RESPONSIVE TO A SENSED CONDITION:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus for sensing (1) and abnormal or undesired condition of the packaging apparatus, (2) a normal or desired condition or position of the package, or any component part thereof, (3) an abnormal or undesired condition or position of the package, or any component part thereof, or (4) the absence of the package or some component part thereof; and as a result of this sensing and without external intervention, having means to bring about an alteration in the operation or control of such apparatus, including the starting or stopping of the drive therefor or for some component part thereof, so as to correct, avoid damage from, or mitigate the effects of such condition, or to cause the normal operation or stopping of the apparatus or some part thereof. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 507, for sensing or triggering mechanisms which control alarms, signals, indicators and counters without bringing about any alteration in the operation of the apparatus. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 118,  Coating Apparatus,   subclasses 663+ for contents controlled adherent applicators, per se. 131,  Tobacco,   subclasses 21+ for apparatus and processes relating to tobacco manufactures including means responsive to a condition to automatically control the apparatus or a part thereof. 141,  Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   subclasses 138+ and 156+ for material transfer cycles controlled by presence or absence of contents or receiver in material handling systems of the separable supply and receiver type. 192,  Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclasses 125+ for power stop control of packaging apparatus or subcombinations thereof wherein the apparatus or subcombination is broadly claimed, and see the Notes thereto for other types of automatic power stop control. 198,  Conveyors: Power-Driven,   appropriate subclasses for different types of conveyors or systems of plural conveyors having operation control means responsive to a condition of a conveyor or to a condition of the conveyed load.

53	Separate delivery of incomplete or defective package:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 52.  Apparatus having means which senses packages deficient in some respect, and which deflects the defective package from the normal delivery path without interrupting the packaging operation on other packages. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 54, for apparatus to cause separate delivery of defective contents. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 209,  Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,   appropriate subclasses, for methods of and apparatus for classifying, separating and/or assorting with separate discharging of sorted articles.

54	Separate delivery of incomplete or defective contents or contents group:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 52.  Apparatus which senses a contents, deficient in some respect, and which deflects the defective contents from the normal delivery path without interrupting the packaging operation on other contents. (1) Note. Such deficiency may be, for example, a deformed article or an incomplete group contents normally composed of two or more elements. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 53, for apparatus to cause separate delivery of defective packages. 147+, for apparatus for accumulating and/or associating a plurality of contents portions of a package. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 209,  Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,   appropriate subclasses for methods of and apparatus for classifying, separating and/or assorting solids.

55	Concurrent control of contents and receptacle feeds:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 52.  Apparatus wherein the control of both the supplying of contents and of covers or cover material is simultaneously or conjointly effected. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 64+, for apparatus for controlling the supply of the cover, or cover material without affecting the supply of the contents. 493, for apparatus for controlling the supply of the contents without affecting the supply of the cover or cover material. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 235,  Registers,   subclass 132 for apparatus comprising a register and means for controlling the movement of articles and receptacles in a packaging line upon a particular or predetermined register reading being obtained.

56	Stopped by contents, manual reset:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Apparatus wherein the condition, presence or absence of a contents disables the supply of both the contents and cover or cover material to an extent requiring manual intervention to restart. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 192,  Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclasses 125+ for power stop control of packaging machines or subcombinations thereof, wherein the machine or subcombination is broadly claimed, especially subclass 126 for sheet material control.

57	By absence of contents:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 56.  Apparatus wherein the failure of the apparatus to present the contents disables the supply.

58	Triggered by presence of contents:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Apparatus wherein the effected control is initiated by the mere presentation of the contents to the machine, or to some part thereof. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 74, for cover or cover material feed, or cover adjunct feed or application, triggered by presence of contents. 76, for end closing triggered by presence of the package.

64	Of receptacle or cover feed or adjunct feed or application:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 52.  Apparatus in which the control effects (1) the cover or cover material supply to, or (2) the supply or addition of a cover adjunct to, the packaging apparatus. (1) Note. For the meaning of "cover adjunct" see Glossary of the class definition. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 55+, for apparatus for simultaneously or conjointly controlling the supply of both the contents and the cover. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 192,  Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclasses 125+ for power stop control of packaging apparatus or subcombinations thereof wherein the apparatus or subcombination is broadly claimed, especially subclass 126 for sheet material control. 226,  Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,   appropriate subclasses and note especially subclasses 10+ for feeding controlled by material-responsive means.

65	Of marker by defective package component:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 64.  Apparatus wherein an abnormal package or package component initiates the operation of a device which brands or otherwise identifies the abnormal package or package component. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 131.2, for the application of printing to a cover or cover material.

66	Severed length determined by contents size:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 64.  Apparatus in which the amount of cover material cut off for each contents unit is controlled by sensing at least one dimension of such unit. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 389.1+, for apparatus for feeding cover material, per se, which may include cutting a cover blank from a web. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 83,  Cutting,   appropriate subclasses, especially subclasses 72+ and 360+ for cutting a web responsive to a condition sensing means.

67	Responsive to presence or absence of preformed receptacle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 64.  Apparatus wherein the effected control is initiated by a sensing of the presence or absence of a preformed receptacle. (1) Note. See the Class Definition, Glossary for the meaning of the term "receptacle".

68	With closure ejection means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 67.  Apparatus including means, effective upon the sensing of the presence or absence of a preformed receptacle, to remove a previously placed closure from assembly position.

69	During infeed:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 67.  Apparatus wherein the sensing is effected during a final assembly or juxtapositioning of the component elements.

70	With solenoid control means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 67.  Apparatus wherein the sensing means actuates an electromagnetic control.

71	With intermediate clutch:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 67.  Apparatus wherein the sensing means serves to activate or deactivate a clutch governing the feed means.

72	And presence or absence of closure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 67.  Apparatus wherein the effected control is responsive to a sensing of both the preformed receptacle and a closure.

73	Skip feed by absence of contents:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 64.  Apparatus in which the sensing of the absence of a contents to be packaged interrupts the feeding operation of the cover material for that package. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 141,  Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   subclasses 139 and 153 for automatic control by contents of filling systems having means for presenting successive receivers to be filled. 198,  Conveyors: Power-Driven,   subclass 232 for devices for controlling the stopping of a conveyor by the presence or absence of an article thereon.

74	Triggered by presence of contents:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 64.  Apparatus wherein the effected control is initiated by the mere presentation of the contents to the machine, or to some part thereof. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 58, for concurrent control of contents and cover or cover material feeds triggered by presence of contents. 76, for end closing triggered by presence of the package.

75	Of package and filled receptacle closing or opening:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 52.  Apparatus wherein the control effects the encasement of the contents by closing the last open side of the cover or receptacle. (1) Note. Included here are devices wherein the control effects the opening of a package for purposes of further packaging (e.g., adding additional material to the contents). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 285+, for apparatus for closing packages and filled receptacles. 381.1+, for a device which opens a package for further packaging. 476, for methods of closing packages and filled receptacles.

76	Triggered by presence of package:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Apparatus wherein the effected control is initiated by the mere presentation of a package to the machine or some part thereof. (1) Note. The juxtapositioning and securing of closure to a preformed container as virtually a single operation, triggered by the presence of the container, has been placed in subclass 67 and no cross-reference to this subclass made. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 58, for concurrent control of contents and cover or cover material feeds triggered by presence of contents. 67, and see (1) Note. 74, for cover or cover material feed, or cover adjunct feed or application, triggered by presence of contents.

77	INTERRELATED OR SAFETY CONTROLS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus in which (1) two or more portions of the apparatus having distinct functions each have the regulating elements therefor so arranged as to require one element to assume a desired position simultaneously or in proper sequence with the position of another element, whereby the operation of one part is directly dependent upon the correct positioning of the regulating element of another part, or (2) some nonautomatic mechanism is so arranged as to prevent operation of part or all of the machine when such operation would (a) endanger the person of an operator or (b) injure some part of the machine. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 100,  Presses,   subclasses 341 through 352for a press not provided for elsewhere having a safety control system and subclass 353 for a press not provided for elsewhere having an interrelated control system. 141,  Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   subclass 97 for filling systems having a guard or screen for the operator; subclass 155 for safety-stops or interlocks of the safety type in filling systems having means for presenting successive receivers to be filled; subclass 346 for interlocks in other filling systems of a separable type.

79	GAS FILLING AND/OR EVACUATING OF RECEPTACLE AND CLOSING:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus including means to charge and/or evacuate receptacles with gas or vapor only combined with means to complete the receptacle enclosure. (1) Note. The Notes under subclasses 403, 405 and 408 must be referred to as most of said notes apply to this subclass with equal force. (2) Note. This subclass is restricted to gas or vapor handling in combination with closing. Any additional filling with and/or treatment of articles or fluent material require that the combination be classified in the appropriate subclasses below. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 266.1+, for apparatus to the combination of means for filling and closing a preformed receptacle; particularly, subclass 267 for gas or vapor handling in conjunction with filling and closing of a performed receptacle. 403+, for processes of charging receptacles with gas and/or evacuating receptacles and completing the enclosure. 432+, for the process of treating the contents of a package by application of vacuum or gas. 510+, for apparatus to treat the contents with a vacuum and/or an inert atmosphere. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 141,  Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   subclasses 37+ for closed systems which handle diverse fluids, one usually a gas, in such a way as to modify the gaseous content of a receiver, and subclasses 65+ for evacuation apparatus including filling with gas. 312,  Supports: Cabinet Structure,   subclasses 31+ for miscellaneous containers combined with means to treat contained material or articles with a gas or vapor.

80	Including soldering means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 79.  Apparatus including means to apply and/or fuse a heat sensitive bonding agent to seal or secure the closure of a receptacle. (1) Note. See (2) Note under subclass 404 for the scope of the term "solder", as here used. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 404, for equivalent processes. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 219,  Electric Heating,   appropriate subclasses for solder fusing means including electric heating. 228,  Metal Fusion Bonding,   appropriate subclasses for bonding of a cover on a container by soldering, brazing or welding without filling of the container.

81	Solder and/or flux deposit only:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.  Apparatus limited to the application or juxtapositioning of solder and/or flux. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 228,  Metal Fusion Bonding,   subclass 14 and 33 +for apparatus for applying flux or solder in a metal-fusion bonding operation.

82	Iron application only:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.  Apparatus limited to the means for juxtapositioning the heated members or heating members required for fusion of the solder material. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 228,  Metal Fusion Bonding,   subclasses 25+ and 45 for means to move or guide the heated member in a metal fusion bonding operation.

83	Electric arc or resistance type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 82.  Apparatus wherein the members required to provide fusion heat are either electrodes which strike an arc or electrodes that complete a circuit including the solder material, which material is heated by the flow of current therethrough. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 219,  Electric Heating,   appropriate subclasses for resistance type soldering electrode means.

84	Pressure responsive and/or regulation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 79.  Apparatus including means to initiate the receptacle closing mechanism actuated by pressure sensitive means. (1) Note. The actuating means is responsive to the gas filling pressure or degree of evacuation in the receptacle. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 269, for closing mechanism tripped by vented air. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 141,  Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   subclasses 39+ for automatic control of diverse fluid handling systems in response to gas condition in a separable receiver.

85	Enclosure responsive:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 79.  Apparatus wherein the completion of a chamber or bell about the receptacle initiates the filling and closing cycle of the mechanism.

86	Within enclosure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 79.  Apparatus including a bell, chamber or vault into which the receptacle is placed during the filling and/or evacuating and closing. (1) Note. Except for valved inlets and outlets, the closed bell, chamber or vault is isolated from the atmosphere. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 141,  Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   subclass 51 for diverse fluid handling systems having gas condition control in the housing for a separable receiver.

87	With screen or graduated orifices:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 86.  Apparatus including either (1) a sieve-like device to retain contents entrained in the gas or gases being removed from the enclosure or (2) a series of varying sized openings through which a vacuum is gradually applied to the receptacle.

88	For receptacle head only:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 86.  Apparatus in which the enclosure is restricted to either (1) the aperture of the receptacle or (2) the aperture and the adjacent portion of the receptacle the rest of the receptacle not being enclosed. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 268+, for similarly restricted enclosure means in conjunction with filling (other than or in addition to gas) and closing of receptacles. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 141,  Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   subclass 287 for devices including a gas expanding seal means between a vented filling head and a separable receiver.

89	Machine positioned receptacle and/or closure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 86.  Apparatus including means to feed or convey receptacles and/or closures into, through and/or out of the filling and closing chamber. (1) Note. Mere infeed (see definition of terms) at a given work station into or out of the bottom of a chamber is not here considered to be positioning for this subclass and such handling is to be found throughout the subclasses indented under subclass 86. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 268, for devices which position receptacles and/or closures with respect to a common fill-close station. 276, for devices which position receptacles and/or closures with respect to separate fill-close stations. 299, through 310, for positioning means in conjunction with devices for applying separate closures.

90	Through lock or valve means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Apparatus including means to pass receptacles and/or closures into or out of a chamber without directly exposing the interior of said chamber to the atmosphere. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 274, for filling and closing devices including closure port valve means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 414,  Material or Article Handling,   subclasses 217+ for apparatus for moving material between zones having different pressures and inhibiting a change in the pressure gradient existing therebetween.

91	Rotary pocket or pockets:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 90.  Apparatus wherein the receptacle is seated in a concavity constrained to move about an axis and alternately open to either the chamber or the atmosphere at any one time but not to both simultaneously.

92	Common in-out:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 91.  Apparatus wherein a group of radially arranged concavities serve both as ingress and exit means for the chamber.

93	With separate coacting pockets:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 92.  Apparatus wherein a common in-out valve cooperates with two or more pocketed rotary members to effect the in-out sealing means.

94	Including closure handling means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 90.  Apparatus wherein a lock or valve is provided with additional means to pass a separate closure member into the chamber.

95	Multiple individual receptacle chambers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Apparatus wherein each receptacle is fed or moved into a separate chamber. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 272, and 276, for plural filling and closing heads rotatively indexing and progressively acting.

96	Integral unit:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 95.  Apparatus wherein the individual receptacle chambers constitute a unitary member.

97	With closure assembling means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 86.  Apparatus including means to juxtapose and/or secure a closure member and receptacle. (1) Note. Except for representative patents no effort was made to cross reference into this subclass (97) the many disclosures of conventional assembling means utilized within an enclosure in which the assembling means and enclosure means do not coact in an unusual or a more than additive manner. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 287+, for separate closure applying, per se.

98	Resilient hold-down:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 97.  Apparatus wherein a closure member is urged into sealing position on a receptacle by a yieldable means only. (1) Note. The yielding means is usually for the purpose of retaining a closure in approximate sealing position while permitting the escape of gas or gases during evacuation of the receptacle, the resulting pressure differential then serving to hold the closure in place.

99	Gravity plunger or platen:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 97.  Apparatus wherein a weight acts on a closure member to urge said member into sealing position.

100	With drop control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 99.  Apparatus including means to initiate the action of the gravity means.

101	Mechanically actuated plunger or platen:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 97.  Apparatus including mechanism to place a closure member in sealing position. (1) Note. The mechanism, here classified, requires machine means to effect infeed between the closure and receptacle. See definitions of terms for "infeed". (2) Note. Sealing position is taken to be the assembled or packaged position of the closure which may or may not then be secured to maintain said position.

102	With equalizer means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 101.  Apparatus including means to provide for uniform pressure on a plurality of closure members.

103	Atmospheric pressure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 97.  Apparatus wherein the application of atmospheric pressure is the means serving to hold or retain a closure in sealing position.

104	With fluid system intensifier:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 103.  Apparatus including means to augment or increase the effective force of atmospheric pressure on a closure member.

105	Flexible diaphragm:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 103.  Apparatus wherein the atmospheric pressure is exerted or applied through a yieldable batt or membrane.

106	Pressure platen:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 103.  Apparatus wherein the atmospheric pressure is applied or exerted against a rigid force transmitting member, the movement of which member serves to position the closure for sealing.

107	Individual receptacle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 106.  Apparatus wherein a separate force transmitting member acts to position each closure.

108	Base contacting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 107.  Apparatus wherein the force transmitting member acts against the bottom of a receptacle.

109	With cap lifter:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 86.  Apparatus including means to raise the closure. (1) Note. The closure is raised to facilitate the passage of gas in or out of the receptacle prior to sealing. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 343, for closure applying means including magnetic closure holding means.

110	Within tunnel:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 79.  Apparatus wherein the closing and charging and/or evacuating means are applied to a receptacle while said receptacle, or the aperture portion thereof, is partially enveloped by a hood or channel. (1) Note. The hood or channel serve to provide a measure of control over the nature of the gaseous atmosphere about the aperture portion of the receptacle.

111	WITH CONTENTS TREATING:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus combined with means for subjecting the contents material, either before, after or during packaging, to an agency which alters a physical or chemical characteristic of the contents material or which prevents a constituent of the ambient atmosphere, or another ambient condition from altering a physical or chemical characteristic of the contents material. (1) Note. Other main classes appropriate to the type of treatment must be searched in addition to those listed hereunder as search classes. (2) Note. Mere change of position of separate contents parts relative to one another, as by accumulating separate contents units into a group, or flowing fluent material into a receptacle, such as a contents charge holding chamber, is not regarded as treating the contents to change a physical property. Group forming of contents units combined with subsequent or further packaging is included in this class (53) in subclasses 147+. Apparatus having a contents charge holding chamber is not set out separately in this class (53), but may appear in any subclass. (3) Note. This subclass includes apparatus having means to emboss a design or lettering upon the contents. See subclasses 113+ indented hereunder for apparatus having means to reshape the contents particularly subclass 122 for molding or plastic deformation. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 113+, see (3) Note above. 122, see (3) Note above. 131.2+, for apparatus for package making including means for printing to form an adjunct on a cover. 135.1+, for apparatus for package making including means to apply a nonencircling strip, e.g., a stamp, label or gap filler. 147+, see (2) Note above. 428, for corresponding methods. 525, see (2) Note above. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 99,  Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,   subclasses 352+ for apparatus to make an edible composite (e.g., pie, etc.) combined with cooking means. 131,  Tobacco,   subclasses 282 and 283 for tobacco products manufacture combined with packaging. 141,  Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   subclass 69 for filling receivers with fluent material including treating the contents when the treatment is of the "nonmanufacturing" type. Any treatment which, per se, would be included in any of the manufacturing classes has not been considered mere material handling for Class 141 and will be found in this and indented subclasses in Class 53. 144,  Woodworking,   subclasses 50+ for combined apparatus for or method of making and packaging matches. 221,  Article Dispensing,   subclasses 135+ for article dispensing apparatus having means to treat the articles dispensed. 222,  Dispensing,   subclass 190 for fluent material dispensing apparatus having miscellaneous means to treat the material dispersed, and see the search notes to that subclass for other material treating combinations in the class. 425,  Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus,   subclass 112 for mold means to form a composite article from a preform and plastic material and means to reshape the preform.

113	Reshaping:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 111.  Apparatus in which the contents material as a result of the agency action undergoes a change in size, configuration or proportion. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 111, for packaging apparatus combined with means for embossing a design or lettering upon the contents. 147, for apparatus for reorienting a plurality of contents portions to change the shape of the groups contents without changing the shape of the individual contents portions. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 100,  Presses,   subclasses 31+ especially subclass 31 for means to coil wire, strands or hose combined with banding and/or binding mechanisms.

114	Coil spring encasing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 113.  Apparatus for enclosing helical springs within a cover. (1) Note. This subclass includes apparatus for turning an already encased coil spring within its cover.

115	Cushioning material inserting means (e.g., pill bottle cotton):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 113.  Apparatus for positioning over the contents of receptacle a material to occupy substantially the remainder of the receptacle to prevent movement of the contents. (1) Note. This subclass includes inserting cotton into a bottle of pills and conforming the cotton to the shape of the bottle.

116	Folding or rolling:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 113.  Apparatus in which flexible contents undergoes a doubling or winding operation. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 429, for methods of folding. 430, for methods of winding.

117	Sheet material or garments:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 116.  Apparatus wherein the contents is thin relative to its length and breadth. (1) Note. Flat garments are regarded as sheet material for this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 223,  Apparel Apparatus,   subclass 37 , for garment folders. 493,  Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web,   subclasses 405+ for folding, per se, of a sheet or web.

118	Rotary winding:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 117.  Apparatus in which the contents material is coiled upon itself by rotation of the entire contents. (1) Note. Opposite margins of the contents material must be brought at least to overlapping relation for the operation to be considered winding or coiling for this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 242,  Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,   subclasses 520+ , particularly subclass 528 for convolutely winding material to form a storage coil.

119	Slotted or divided mandrel:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 118.  Apparatus in which the winding or coiling is around a core which is gapped to receive the edge of the sheet material.

120	Slot and blade doubling:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 117.  Apparatus in which the contents is folded upon itself by forcing the material between spaced abutments by means of a thin edge travelling between the abutments.

121	Crushing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 113.  Apparatus in which the contents material is subjected to mechanical forces which cause indiscriminate breakage of larger masses of the material into smaller masses. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 241,  Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,   appropriate subclasses for crushers, per se, for material. The material may be in a cover such as a bag during the crushing. See especially subclass 100 for crushers with independent removable or detachable material receiver or receiver engaging means.

122	Molding or plastic deformation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 113.  Apparatus in which the material is subjected to a pressure and/or temperature which will cause the material to flow until it assumes the form of a confining structure. (1) Note. The confining structure is frequently a container but may be the nozzle of a die expressing press. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 111+, for packaging apparatus combined with means for embossing a design or lettering upon the contents. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 141,  Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   appropriate subclasses, for filling systems in which plastic material is extruded into a preformed receiver by a discharge assistant which may or may not have the same outlet area and shape as the receiver.

127	Heating or cooling:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 111.  Apparatus in which the material is subjected to a treatment which either raises or lowers the temperature of the contents material. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 373.7, for apparatus for heating or cooling an out turned seam of the cover material, and see the notes thereto for other heating or cooling of the cover material. 440, for corresponding methods. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 62,  Refrigeration,   appropriate subclasses for refrigeration processes and apparatus, particularly subclass 60 for methods involving specific refrigerating steps combined with packaging, subclass 322 for disparate treating apparatus serially arranged with refrigeration means, subclass 331 for a refrigerator combined with other structure, and subclasses 340+ for refrigeration means producing a shaped product. 99,  Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,   subclasses 359+ , for apparatus for heat treating food packages in containers. 118,  Coating Apparatus,   subclasses 58+ for apparatus for combined coating and heat treatment of work. 141,  Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   subclass 82 for apparatus for filling receivers with fluent materials including means to heat or cool the contents, and see the search notes thereto for other material handling means with heating or cooling.

128.1	WITH COVER-ADJUNCT APPLICATION OR FORMATION:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus which performs an operation with respect to the cover* to supply thereto some accessory, device or abiding characteristic in addition to or beyond the mere enclosure of the contents. (1) Note. See Glossary, of the class definition, for the meaning of the terms "cover" and "cover-adjunct". An asterisk (*) is used in these subclasses to designate terms that are so defined. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 141, for packaging apparatus combined with means to condition the cover material effective during the packaging operation. 208, for apparatus to wrap packages combined with means to notch or slit the cover blank. 410+, for a process of package making including application of an adjunct to a cover member. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 227,  Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus,   for apparatus for driving a member, e.g., a nail or a staple. 229,  Envelopes, Wrappers, and Paperboard Boxes,   especially subclasses 124+ for a paperboard box with a closure for access opening, subclasses 48+ for a box including a seam, and subclasses 76+ for an envelope having a closure. 493,  Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web,   especially subclass 89 for apparatus to fold a box blank into shape and to apply metal stays thereto.

129.1	Adjunct comprising packing disk, sealing gasket, or "spot" applied to a closure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 128.1.  Apparatus wherein the package made includes a first portion that contains most of the packaged material and a second portion that serves to complete the containment; i.e., a closure*, which apparatus includes means to supply a contents contacting protective element, as for example, a foil, a disc, etc., to the closure* with substantially simultaneous assembling of the first and second portion to close the package.

130.1	Adjunct comprising closure retainer seated into and depressed with portion of bottle hood:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 128.1.  Apparatus for use with a container comprising a rigid vessel having a neck with an opening at its extent to receive a cap, which container is packaged by a hood, i.e., a cap and neck covering member, which apparatus includes means to insert a cap securing member, usually a disc, into the hood so as to depress said member and a portion of said hood to exert pressure on the cap.

131.1	Adjunct comprising protective coating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 128.1.  Apparatus which includes means to supply a fluid film or impregnant on a surface of the cover material or a part thereof during some portion of the operation of forming a package, which supplied film or impregnant serves to prevent damage to the cover material or to the contents of the package. (1) Note. Exception is made in the case of application of bonding material such as an adhesive or solvent in that this material is not regarded as producing an adjunct to the cover in view of the common practice to so seal the seams of a cover. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 141, for a package making apparatus with means to subject the cover to an operation which causes some transient change in a chemical or physical property thereof prior to its fabrication into a package. 170+, for apparatus for applying a plurality of covers formed from sheet material to a package. 411, for a method of packaging including application of a protective coating. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 118,  Coating Apparatus,   for apparatus for coating a web, a cover blank or a completed package, generally. 131,  Tobacco,   subclass 284 for cigar or cigarette making combined with coating.

131.2	By printing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 128.1.  Apparatus which includes means to supply recognizable indicia or a design on a surface of the cover or cover adjunct by impression of a type or die or by applying coating material thereto through openings of pervious portions of a pattern sheet, as in stenciling. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 65, for a packaging making apparatus wherein an abnormal or defective package or package component, or a printed mark, initiates the operation of a device which bands or otherwise identifies the abnormal package or package component. 111+, for package making apparatus with contents treating, such as printing on contents. See (3) Note under that subclass definition. 411, for a method of packaging including printing on the cover or an adjunct. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 101,  Printing,   for printing apparatus, per se, especially subclasses 35+ for apparatus to imprint on a special article. 131,  Tobacco,   subclass 284 for cigar or cigarette making combined with printing. 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclasses 384+ for laminating apparatus combined with printing means. 493,  Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web,   subclasses 187+ for bag or envelope making apparatus having a printing attachment.

131.3	On cover having separate closure or on such a separate closure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 131.2.  Apparatus wherein the package made includes a first portion that contains most of the packaged material and a second portion that serves to complete the containment, wherein the recognizable indicia or design is supplied to either the first or the second portion.

131.4	Before or during packaging:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 131.2.  Apparatus wherein the recognizable indicia or design is supplied to the cover prior to formation of a package, or simultaneously therewith.

131.5	On continuous web:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 131.4.  Apparatus wherein the cover to which the recognizable indicia or design is supplied is in the form of a flat strip having no more than one utilized end at the time of application. (1) Note. A coil of web material is considered to be a continuous web.

132.1	Adjunct comprising lever actuated to constrict passage of contents into package:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 128.1.  Apparatus wherein the supplied accessory serves to throttle flow or movement of material into or out of the package and includes a pivotally swinging protuberance manipulated to effect such throttling. (1) Note. Included here are devices which assemble the closure onto the receptacle and then operate the lever as well as devices which merely operate the lever.

133.1	Adjunct comprising provision to allow access to contents, e.g., spout, straw, drain, opening, etc.:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 128.1.  Apparatus for supplying structure associated with the cover material to permit input or removal of a part or all of the contents. (1) Note. A cap on a container is part of the container, therefore is not an adjunct. However, an addition to a cap, e.g., a string on the cap to facilitate removal of the cap, is such an adjunct.

133.2	Fitment to dispense flowable contents, e.g., spout:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 133.1.  Apparatus wherein the contents access comprises a structure distinct from the package, but attached thereto. (1) Note. Attachment may be permanent, as by fusion so that the fitment may become integral with the package. (2) Note. A cap is part of the cover, therefore a cap is not considered to be a fitment.

133.3	Adjunct comprising provision to open package:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 133.1.  Apparatus for forming on, applying to, or otherwise making provision for some structure associated with the cover material which will modify at least a portion of the cover to expose a part or all of the contents. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 133.1, for packaging of flowable contents in an openable package, generally. 412, for a method of package making including forming or applying a cover adjunct comprising a package opening device. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 220,  Receptacles,   subclasses 265+ for devices to open metallic receptacles by breaking through or ripping the soldered parts. 229,  Envelopes, Wrappers, and Paperboard Boxes,   subclasses 200+ for a paperboard box having severing means. 413,  Sheet Metal Container Making,   subclass 15 for the method of forming a frangible area in a can lid. 493,  Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web,   subclasses 212+ for making a pliable container including applying a tear strip thereto.

133.4	Reclosable:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 133.3.  Apparatus wherein the supplied access is intended to be opened and closed, repeatedly.

133.5	Tear string or tape under cover:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 133.3.  Apparatus including means to install a round or flat strand under a package cover which is intended to be pulled at one end to rip the package to yield access to the contents.

133.6	Cover weakened for tearing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 133.5.  Apparatus wherein the supplied access comprises a portion of the cover* having less strength than other portions thereof, so that upon application of sufficient force the cover will rend such that the contents can be removed or added.

133.7	With graspable tab on cover or adjunct:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 133.5.  Apparatus wherein said cover or adjunct has a member to be engaged by the hand of a user to assist in application of force to rend the cover. (1) Note. Parallel notches in the cover may provide a graspable tab for this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 133.3, for a graspable tab without a tear string.

133.8	Cover weakened for tearing, e.g., having integral tear strip:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 133.3.  Apparatus wherein the supplied access comprises a portion of the cover* having less strength than other portions thereof, so that upon application of sufficient force the cover will rend such that the contents can be removed or added.

134.1	Adjunct comprising graspable appendage, e.g., handle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 128.1.  Apparatus for supplying to the cover some extension particularly adapted to be gripped by the hand of a user. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 48, for apparatus for making a package for carrying a plurality of bottles or cans. 176, for apparatus for making a package by applying plural layer covers, where one of the layers is a band. 413, for a method of package making including formation or application of a handle. 582, for apparatus for making a package by applying a band or tube contents. 594, for apparatus to apply a cover to contents which have an extending, reduced handle portion. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 16,  Miscellaneous Hardware (e.g., Bushing, Carpet Fastener, Caster, Door Closer, Panel Hanger, Attachable or Adjunct Handle, Hinge, Window Sash Balance, etc.),   subclasses 110.1+ for a handle, per se, and see the search notes thereto. 493,  Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web,   subclass 88 for making a rigid container from a sheet or web, combined with assembling a handle therewith, and subclass 226 for making a pliable container from a sheet or web, combined with assembling a handle therewith.

134.2	For permeable package, e.g., tea bag:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 134.1.  Apparatus wherein the package comprises a cover through which liquid is intended to pass to allow access of the liquid to the contents of the package and wherein the appendage comprises a strand attached to the cover to assist in removal of the package from such liquid.

135.1	Adjunct comprising nonencircling strip, e.g., stamp, label or gap filler:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 128.1.  Apparatus for supplying an area of sheet material of less extent than a complete encirclement of the package to a surface of the cover material, or for supplying a sheet of material to the cover so as to fill the space resulting from failure of the edges of opposite flaps to abut or overlap each other. (1) Note. The sheet material of this definition may be or may not be preprinted. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 111+, for package making apparatus with contents treating, such as applying a label to contents. See (3) Note under that subclass definition. 131.2+, for packaging apparatus including means for imprinting directly on the cover or on a cover adjunct. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclasses 349+ for surface bonding apparatus, generally.

135.2	Applied to cover material before packaging:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 135.1.  Apparatus wherein the strip is supplied to the cover* prior to formation of the package.

135.3	Applied to continuous web material:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 135.2.  Apparatus wherein the strip is supplied to cover material having no more than one utilized end at the time when the strip is supplied thereto. (1) Note. A coil of web material is considered to be "continuous".

136.1	Applied to package:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 135.1.  Apparatus wherein the package has been made at the time when the strip is supplied thereto.

136.2	Applied to end of roll:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 136.1.  Apparatus wherein the package made is cylindrical and wherein the strip is attached to a face normal to the axis of the package.

136.3	To seal package:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 136.1.  Apparatus wherein the strip is intended to function to prevent contents from escaping or to keep contaminating material from entering the package or hold portions of the cover in closed position. (1) Note. An envelope is included as a package in this subclass. An envelope is not considered to be three dimensional.

136.4	Box:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 136.3.  Apparatus wherein the cover is three dimensional and is rigid, i.e., is intended to generally retain its shape during use. (1) Note. Means to apply an adjunct to a glass jar is not included herein.

136.5	Bag:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 136.3.  Apparatus wherein the cover is three dimensional and is flaccid, i.e., is intended to not retain its shape during use.

137.1	Adjunct comprising bottle hood securing means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 128.1.  Apparatus for use with a container comprising a rigid vessel having a neck with an opening at its extent to receive a cap, which container is packaged by a hood, i.e., a cap and neck covering member, which apparatus includes means to supply structure to hold the hood in position on the vessel. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 130.1, for package making including supplying an adjunct comprising a closure retainer seated into and depressed with a portion of bottle hood.

137.2	Adjunct comprising package encircling sealing strip:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 128.1.  Apparatus for applying a strip of less width than the cover, but completely encircling the package to secure or render airtight separate parts of the cover. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 419, for a method of package making including formation of a cover adjunct comprising an encircling sealing strip. 580, for devices for applying cover material and leaving a portion of the contents exposed and see the notes thereto for the locus of other patents relating to partial cover application.

138.1	Adjunct comprising provision to secure cover:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 128.1.  Apparatus wherein an accessory is supplied to hold the cover* in position about the contents of the package. (1) Note. A metallic ring or wire band contracted or crimped onto the closure member is considered to be a binding element and the application of such ring or band is to be found in this and the indented subclasses. (2) Note. Included in this subclass are devices for applying an elastic band to secure a hood or cap onto a bottle. (3) Note. For binding which is elsewhere classified, see "Packaging and Binding Elsewhere Classified" of the class definition and the search notes associated therewith For the meaning of binding, see class definition Glossary. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 136.3+, for means to apply a label to a package to secure the cover. 176, for package making apparatus including means to apply plural layer covers, where one of the layers is a string, a wire, or a band. 416, for a method of package making including forming a cover adjunct including fastening or sealing. 582, for apparatus to merely apply a band or tube over the contents. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 24,  Buckles, Buttons, Clasps,   etc., subclass 16 for bale or package ties. 56,  Harvesters,   subclasses 342+ for combined compressing and binding, and see (1) Note above. 72,  Metal Deforming,   subclasses 409.01+ for disclosure of a plier type tool usable in applying a wire band. 99,  Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,   subclass 350 for cooking apparatus in which a food support encircles the article and compresses the food therein, solely by said encirclement and not by end closures or the like. 100,  Presses,   subclasses 1+ for binding material in a flexible filament, strand or band. 131,  Tobacco,   subclass 15 for wrappers or binders for tobacco products. 289,  Knots and Knot Tying,   appropriate subclasses for knot tying.

138.2	Staple or clip:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 138.1.  Apparatus wherein the accessory comprises a bifurcated member intended to (1) pierce cover material or other material with generally parallel bifurcations or (2) grip cover material between generally parallel bifurcations and thereby secure closure of the cover. (1) Note. Apparatus to apply a staple or a clip to secure two portions of a cover is included herein. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 227,  Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus,   appropriate subclasses for driving a member, e.g., a staple into work.

138.3	Bag closing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 138.2.  Apparatus wherein the cover secured is three dimensional, i.e., has a bottom and side walls but is open at the top, and is intended to not retain its shape during use, which apparatus applies the bifurcated member to secure to top of the cover closed. (1) Note. An envelope is not considered to be "three dimensional" and therefore an apparatus for closing an envelope with a staple or a clip is not considered proper for this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 417, for a method of package making including applying a fastener to a gathered bag neck.

138.4	Deformed staple or clip:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 138.3.  Apparatus including means to stress the securing means beyond its elastic limit to grip the cover material between generally parallel bifurcations and thereby secure closure of the cover. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 417, for a method of package making including applying a fastener to a gathered bag neck. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclass 243.56 for a clip applier to assemble a clip over the edge of a member and subclass 243.57 for means to assemble a clip over the edge of a member to bind two elements or a cover to a base.

138.5	Adjunct comprising sewn seam:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 138.1.  Apparatus comprising means to stitch the cover. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 418, for package making including formation of a cover adjunct and fastening by sewing. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 112,  Sewing,   subclass 110 for apparatus to sew bags and subclass 11 for devices to sew filled sacks.

138.6	Tie string or wire:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 138.1.  Apparatus wherein the accessory applied comprises a strand, generally round in cross-section, made of nonmetal or of metal which serves to hold the cover in position about the contents of the package.

138.7	Bag closing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 138.6.  Apparatus wherein the cover secured is three dimensional, i.e., has a bottom and side walls but is open at the top, and is intended to not retain its shape during use, which apparatus applies a member to secure the top of the cover closed.

138.8	Twisting of string or wire:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 138.7.  Apparatus wherein securement of the strand about the package is effected by helically co-wrapping one portion of the strand about another.

139.1	Bag banding:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 138.1.  Apparatus wherein the cover secured is three dimensional, i.e., has a bottom and side walls but is open at the top, and is intended to not retain its shape during use, which apparatus wraps a tape or web member about the top to close and secure the top of the cover.

139.2	Reclosable, e.g., ziplock (TM) or with valve:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 138.1.  Apparatus wherein the supplied access is intended to be opened and closed, repeatedly.

139.4	Adjunct comprising string or wire:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 128.1.  Apparatus wherein the accessory applied comprises a strand, generally round in cross-section, made of nonmetal or of metal. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 414, for a method of package making including forming a binding string thereon.

139.5	Adjunct comprising means to protect contents, e.g., padding or spacer:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 128.1.  Apparatus comprising structure to prevent damage to the material inside the package. (1) Note. Included herein is a member to cushion the contents or to serve as a spacer between the contents and the cover. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 411, for a method of package making including application of a protective coating. 472, for a method of packaging including wrapping and cover forming with application of a protective media (e.g., shock absorbing).

139.6	To protect contents from binder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.5.  Apparatus comprising structure to prevent damage to material inside the package from physical force of a relatively narrow strand or band on the package.

139.7	Adjunct comprising edge protector:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.5.  Apparatus wherein the package includes two surfaces meeting at approximately 90 degrees or sharper and wherein the means to protect serves to prevent damage to the meeting line of the two surfaces.

140	WITH COVER MATERIAL PRODUCTION:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus for creating or generating the cover material into a sheet or sheet-like form. (1) Note. The generation of a thin tubular stock material is considered to be the production of a sheet-like form and will be found here. (2) Note. The casting or molding of discrete container-like elements, even though the walls are relatively thin, and which elements are later filled and closed, is not considered to be the production of a sheet-like form, such apparatus being classified in Class 425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus. (3) Note. The mere formation of a thin enclosing cover upon an article by a coating operation, e.g., by spraying or immersion is found in Class 118, Coating Apparatus, appropriate subclasses and in the special case where the enclosed material is in the form of a liquid which is coated by immersion, the apparatus will be classified in Class 425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus, subclass 5. (4) Note. The encapsulating of liquid by extrusion of both a drop and encapsulating material from a nozzle and hardening the composite drop as formed will be found in Class 264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, appropriate subclasses, particularly subclass 4. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 118,  Coating Apparatus,   and see (3) Note above. 264,  Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,   and see (4) Note above.

141	WITH FUGITIVE PRECONDITIONING OF COVER MATERIAL:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus in which the cover material prior to its fabrication into a package or package element, is subjected to a means which causes some transient change in a physical or a chemical property of the cover material to modify its work-ability during packaging. (1) Note. Heating or cooling of the cover material and/or closure elements to improve the holding, shaping or adhering qualities are here classified. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 128.1+, for apparatus which adds some abiding feature to the cover material. 373.7, for apparatus for heating or cooling an out turned seam of the cover material and see the notes thereto for other heating or cooling of the cover material.

142	TAPERED OR HEADED ARTICLES:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus for packaging articles which have an enlargement at one end thereof or which are larger at one end than at the other, having means utilizing this shape in the handling of the articles or arranging the articles so as to form a substantially uniform package. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 236, for apparatus for filling receptacles with matches and wherein the apparatus does not utilize the heads of the matches in handling nor reverse a portion of the matches in the receptacle. 594, for apparatus for applying a partial cover to objects such as lollipops and leaving an exposed reduced end portion. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 86,  Ammunition and Explosive-Charge Making,   subclass 47 for means for packing cartridges. 414,  Material or Article Handling,   subclasses 788.2+ for means superposing or imbricating tapered or nested articles.

143	Inverting one or more units:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 142.  Apparatus having means to turn at least one of the articles through an angle of 180° with respect to the other articles. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 544, for apparatus for forming a contents group and inverting at least one of the portions with respect to the other portions and wherein the contents portions are not tapered or headed articles.

144	Receptacle reversing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 143.  Apparatus for depositing a portion of the articles in a receptacle, turning the receptacle through an angle of 180° and depositing another portion of the articles.

145	FACING (E.G., FRUITS AND VEGETABLES):
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus for facilitating the formation of attractive display layers of articles. (1) Note. The display layer is usually packed by hand with the use of a facing plate and the remainder of the articles disposed in random or bulk arrangement. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 390+, for packing tables, conveyor arrangements, etc., to facilitate manual packaging. 531+, for forming multiple layers or columns of articles into groups and subsequently packaging same.

146	Variable contour facing plate:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 145.  Apparatus including a surface upon which the display layer is placed, the profile of the surface being alterable. (1) Note. The contour of the facing plate is usually made convex to place the display layer thereon and then concave to receive the remainder of the contents.

147	GROUP FORMING OF CONTENTS UNIT AND SUBSEQUENT OR FURTHER PACKAGING:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus including means for accumulating and/or associating a plurality of contents portions of a package, by means of a plurality of feeding operations prior to completion of a package unit, and for subsequently packaging the collected portions as a unit. (1) Note. Feeding of similar articles from a single hopper having its discharge end divided into a plurality of separate or segregated channels has been considered to constitute a plurality of feeding operations within the terms of this and the subclasses indented hereunder. (1.5) Note. Packaging apparatus which feeds a plurality of contents portions from plural sources or a multiple channeled hopper directly into a receiver by the same feeding operation and in which no further packaging is performed (e.g., wrapping, closing) is not considered to involve subsequent packaging for this or indented subclasses. (1.7) Note. The plurality of feeding operations for this and indented subclasses must place the contents portions in the same relationship that they are to assume in the final package. (2) Note. The contents portions which comprise the group may be identical, dissimilar in physical and/or chemical properties, or of similar size and shape but differing in some property, such as color or taste. (3) Note. Packaging apparatus in which a plurality of contents portions are segregated as a unit from a single mass or magazine of such portions, are classified as if the contents were comprised of but a single portion. (4) Note. Apparatus to assemble paper articles in bunches, and bunching of paper articles plus the application to the bunch of a string, cord or other securing means adapted to be knotted, will be found in 493, Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web, subclasses 374+, unless the securing means forms and adjunct to a cover, for which see this class (53), subclass 134.1, or the securing means is a band, for which see this class, subclasses 198+. For other apparatus to apply a knotted binding member, see Packaging and Binding Elsewhere Classified and the search notes associated therewith, and for other apparatus to apply a band, see the Class Definition of this class (53). (5) Note. The inner cover or covers of plural cover members do not constitute contents portions within the scope of this or of the subclasses indented hereunder, but have had separate provision made therefor for which see subclasses 169, 170+, 286, 449, and 558. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 54, for automatic or triggered control apparatus including means to cause separate delivery of an incomplete or defective contents portion or contents group. 60, for apparatus including automatic or triggered control of contents feed effected by absences of part of group contents. 61+, for apparatus to control the feed of a contents group, triggered by completion of the group. 134.1, and see (4) Note above. 142+, for forming a group of tapered or headed articles and subsequently packaging same. 168, for apparatus providing for separate or alternate supply of plural contents, packaged singly. 169, 170+, 558, and see (5) Note above. 237, for depositing contents from a plurality of different contents sources into a single receiver or receptacle. 244+, for successively depositing articles in a receiver or receptacle. 247, for simultaneously depositing a plurality of articles in a receiver or receptacle. 286, and see (5) Note above. 443, for corresponding methods of packaging. 449, and see (5) Note above. 513, for packaging apparatus in which a plurality of similar contents portions are produced by cutting or severing them from a larger amount of the contents material. 582, and see (4) Note above. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 28,  Textiles: Manufacturing,   subclasses 289+ for devices to form skeins of filamentary stock, such as yarn, and to secure the so gathered stock into a package by means of a strand. 86,  Ammunition and Explosive-Charge Making,   subclasses 23+ for apparatus to load ammunition. 131,  Tobacco,   subclass 25 for cigar and cigarette making combined with collecting, arranging, packing or packaging, subclass 107 for processes and apparatus for tying cigars and cigarettes in bundles, and subclasses 112+ for processes and apparatus for packing plugs or shapes in groups or bundles. 198,  Conveyors: Power-Driven,   subclasses 418+ for a system of plural conveyors having means for establishing and moving a group of items, and subclasses 434+ for a system of plural conveyors having means arranging or rearranging a stream or streams of items. 209,  Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,   appropriate subclasses for methods of and apparatus for classifying, separating and/or assorting solids. 221,  Article Dispensing,   subclasses 92+ for article dispensers not otherwise classified having a plurality of separate sources stacks or compartments, at least one having article dispensing means. 222,  Dispensing,   subclasses 129+ for fluent material dispensing containers having a plurality of separate compartments, at least one having dispensing means. 294,  Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,   appropriate subclasses for hand manipulated devices for gathering units into a group. 493,  Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web,   and see (4) Note above.

148	Long slender articles (e.g., cigarettes):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 147.  Apparatus in which the contents portions comprise articles the diameter or width of which is very small compared to the length. (1) Note. This and indented subclasses include patents for apparatus for forming cigarettes into groups for packaging, but in which the subsequent packaging operation is not claimed. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 236, for apparatus for depositing long slender articles in receptacles. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 221,  Article Dispensing,   appropriate subclasses for article dispensing, per se.

149	Adjacent rows of unequal numbers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 148.  Apparatus for forming a group of articles in juxtaposed rows or layers, the numbers of articles contained in any two adjacent layers being different.

150	Superposing rows:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 148.  Apparatus for forming a plurality of separate rows or layers of articles and then juxtaposing the rows so formed or for juxtaposing a plurality of previously formed rows of articles.

151	Hopper with multiple channeled outlet:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 148.  Apparatus having a source of supply for the articles, the outlet of the source being divided into a plurality of adjacent channels or ways from which the articles are removed as a group. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 198,  Conveyors: Power-Driven,   subclasses 311 , 359+, and 523+ inter alia for a chute or other gravity conveyor combined with a power-driven conveyor.

152	Formed in vertically spaced ways and simultaneously removed:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 147.  Apparatus having a plurality of substantially horizontal channels or tracks spaced in a vertical plane in which articles are deposited to form a group and then concurrently ejected therefrom. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 193,  Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways,   appropriate subclasses for a single chute feeding a plurality of chutes. 414,  Material or Article Handling,   subclasses 788.1+ for means for forming vertical self-sustaining or stable stacks of articles.

153	Plural groups:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 152.  Apparatus for forming a plurality of horizontally spaced groups or layers of articles in the channels or ways, all of the groups then being simultaneously ejected from the channels.

154	From plural or different supply sources:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 147.  Apparatus in which the plural feeding operations are from two or more distinct contents retainers. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 168, for apparatus having selective or alternate supply of plural covers and/or plural contents. 237+, for apparatus for depositing contents in a receptacle from two or more distinct contents sources. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 221,  Article Dispensing,   appropriate subclasses for article dispensers, per se.

155	Diverse forms or shapes of units:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  Apparatus for packaging in which the external contours or physical dimensions of the contents portions are so different as to require dissimilar feed mechanisms.

156	Package reinforcing sheet or trough:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 155.  Apparatus for packaging in which at least one of the contents portions is of sheet material which is either flat or bent up to partly encircle another portion of the contents and is of sufficient rigidity to materially assist the cover in establishing or maintaining the desired shape of the completed package. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 493,  Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web,   subclass 89 for making a rigid container including assembling therewith structure reinforcement.

157	Insert or separating sheet:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 155.  Apparatus in which at least one of the portions of the contents is very thin in relation to its length and breadth. (1) Note. The inserted sheet may carry preinscribed indicia thereon, such as a label, coupon, advertising matter, instructions pertaining to other parts of the contents, etc. (2) Note. The inserted sheet may be placed between other contents portions. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 111, for devices combined with a packaging apparatus to imprint on the contents. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 270,  Sheet-Material Associating,   subclasses 52.19+ for inserting an additional sheet into a folded sheet.

158	Joined receptacle or pockets:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 147.  Apparatus including means for individually inserting various of the portions of the contents within two or more separate and distinct cavities or portions of a single cover, and subsequently to fold the cover in such a manner that the filled cavities or portions therein are moved relatively one to the other to further enclose the contents.

167	COMBINED:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus having means associated therewith for performing some function in addition to or in perfecting the basic encirclement or encasement of the contents in its cover and not provided for in the preceding subclasses. (1) Note. The combination of mechanism to feed the cover, cover web or blank including severing means therefor, mechanism to feed the contents, mechanism to apply an adhesive to the cover, mechanism to cause the cover to be placed around or about the contents, or to place the contents within the cover and close the same, and mechanism to discharge the completed package from the machine, which mechanism may have incorporated therewith a stacking or piling device where no further packaging is involved, has not been considered as including means or features perfecting the basic encirclement or encasement of the contents in its cover. (2) Note. In this subclass have been placed patents which claim packaging machines within the scope of this class and add an additional feature thereto such as a vacuum cleaner to pick up severed edges of a tea bag; a chute to catch dust and convey same clear of the machine; a portable conveyor to gain access to an improperly wrapped article; a brush to cause an incompletely filled package to leave a vacancy; brushes for cleaning spilled granular contents from the machine bed; a tray to catch crumbs during a bread wrapping operation; a device to remove surplus ice cream; a device which imprints web contents, forms a carbon copy, folds contents into separate covers and stores the copies; a device to smooth the cover after the package is formed; a device to remove a rubber band from contents parts and to place a cover over said parts; and machines which alternately form a carton (a Class 93 operation) or close the flap or flaps of a filled carton; and machines which test or inspect. (3) Note. See "Packaging and Binding Elsewhere Classified" of the Class Definition and the search notes associated there with for various related loci of art for packaging and binding combined with other operations. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 141,  Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   subclasses 85+ for drip collecting and machine parts cleaning in fluent material filling systems; subclasses 115+ for overfill removal in such systems.

168	SELECTIVE OR ALTERNATE SUPPLY OF PLURAL COVERS AND/OR PLURAL CONTENTS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus in which any one of two or more sources of covers or cover material and/or any one of two or more sources of contents may be used in conjunction with a single packaging device either by manual adjustment of the machine or by a cyclic control. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 154+, for apparatus to form groups of contents units by feeding same from plural or different supply sources. 202, for apparatus which package articles in two or more separate lines, or streams. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 221,  Article Dispensing,   subclasses 92+ for article dispensing devices not otherwise provided for having plural sources, stacks, or compartments for articles to be dispensed, with means to release or eject articles therefrom.

169	SLIDING TRAY AND SHELL TYPE PACKAGE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus including means for (1) arranging the contents with respect to a first sliding cover section, which section consists of a slide, drawer or tray having at least five sides and for encompassing said slide by a second section having the form of a shell, open at one or both ends, or for (2) inserting a filled slide drawer or tray having at least five sides into a shell; the two sections having relative sliding motion after assembly to give access to the contents, the shell and portions of the slide forming a complete encasement of the contents. (1) Note. Either one or both of the sections can be preformed or the apparatus can form either one or both of the sections. (2) Note. This subclass includes the opening of the shell or shuck in combination with the placing of the slide herein. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 176, for apparatus to apply plural layer covers where one layer is a band. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 229,  Envelopes, Wrappers, and Paperboard Boxes,   subclass 125.125 for a paperboard box having a sleevelike closure.

170	PLURAL LAYER PACKAGE MATERIAL:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus including means to encircle or encase the contents of a single package in two or more separate and distinct covers, one cover being superimposed over the other. (1) Note. The covers may be associated with the contents either as a multi-layered unit or as layers applied in succession. (2) Note. The application of a closure and a super-imposed hood or cap at a single station in substantially a single infeed operation is not considered to be plural layer cover application for this subclass. See the search notes below. (3) Note. The application of a cork, cap or crown closure and a sealing spot, disc or gasket (i.e.; contents contacting, protective element) - substantially, simultaneously with the assembling operation - is not considered to be plural layer cover application for this subclass. See the search note below for the locus of this art. (4) Note. The insertion of a disc into a hood or cap so as to depress said disc and a portion of the hood or cap within the aperture of a receptacle is not considered to be plural cover layer application for this subclass. See the search note below for the locus of this art. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 129.1, for application of a cork, cap or crown closure and a sealing spot, disc or gasket (i.e.; contents contacting, protective element) - substantially, simultaneously with the assembling operation. 130.1, for insertion of a disc into a hood or cap so as to depress said disc and a portion of the hood or cap within the aperture of a receptacle is not considered to be plural cover layer. 131.1, for apparatus to apply plural cover layers where one layer is a coating. 169, for apparatus for forming a package having a cover of the slide and shell type. 266.1, for apparatus to fill a receptacle consisting of two or more preformed, nested cover members and to subsequently close same. 286, for apparatus to close a filled package having plural cover members. 287+, for application of a closure and a super-imposed hood or cap at a single station in substantially a single infeed operation. See (2) Note. 449, for corresponding methods of packaging. 580, for apparatus for applying plural partial covers which do not overlap or are not superimposed. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 428,  Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   appropriate subclasses, for a stock material product in the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet, and especially subclasses 121+ for such a product embodying a component with a fold at an edge, and subclasses 192+ for such a product having specific edge feature. 493,  Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web,   subclasses 111+ for apparatus to fold a box blank into shape and to afterwards apply ornamental covering paper thereto; and subclasses 386+ for apparatus to fix covering material to a box otherwise complete.

171	Plural packages in outer cover:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 170.  Apparatus for encasing contents in a cover or receptacle and for further enclosing a plurality of units so formed in an outer cover or receptacle; or for placing a plurality of receptacles in an outer cover or receptacle and placing contents in the inner receptacles. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 147+, for apparatus for placing covers over individual contents parts, grouping the parts into a contents unit, and performing a subsequent or further packaging operation.

172	Concurrently formed with multi-layered blank:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 170.  Apparatus for folding, wrapping or otherwise forming two or more flat, superimposed blanks into a plural layered cover for the contents, at least the initial wrap being applied simultaneously to all the blanks. (1) Note. A laminated cover material, having the various layers uniformly adhered to each other over their contacting surfaces prior to the fabrication of the material into a cover and handled by the packaging machine as though there were but a single layer, is classified as if the cover material were in fact composed of but a single layer.

173	Filling preformed receptacle and subsequent covering:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 170.  Apparatus including means to place or position the contents within a previously shaped receptacle and to then further incase or encircle the filled receptacle by placing an additional cover layer thereabout. (1) Note. See the Class Definition, Glossary, for the meaning of the term "receptacle". (2) Note. The term "cover" as used above does not include the cap or hood closure applied to a preformed container for completing the encasement of contents or for shielding the aperture portions of said container subsequent to filling. See subclass 266.1 and Notes thereunder for the locus of such art. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 266.1, see (2) Note.

174	Wrapping and subsequent filling of preformed receptacle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 170.  Apparatus for encasing or encircling the contents by folding a cover layer thereabout and for then placing the so-formed package within a previously shaped receptacle.

175	Lining preformed receptacle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 170.  Apparatus including means for inserting a cover layer within and in intimate relation with respect to the inner walls of a previously shaped receptacle prior to the introduction of the contents. (1) Note. The inner cover layer may be either a separate receptacle or a blank for wrapping or handling the contents. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 493,  Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web,   subclasses 93+ for inserting a lining in a rigid container.

176	At least one layer a band:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 170.  Apparatus for applying two or more superimposed cover layers at least one of which completely encircles the contents in one direction only, such as girth, leaving the contents and/or the other cover layer or layers completely exposed on two sides or ends and which has frictional contact with the contents so as to be retained thereon. (1) Note. The band may be of narrow width, such as a cigar band and may serve as a retaining means for an inner cover layer. (2) Note. See the class definition, Glossary, for the meaning of "contents". SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 135.1, for apparatus to apply a second layer of sheet material to a cover which second layer does not encircle the contents. 138.1, and see the notes thereto for apparatus to apply a binding or tying string about a package. 169, for apparatus to apply covers of the slide and shell type. 580+, for apparatus to apply plural partial covers in such a manner that the covers are not superimposed or do not overlap one on the other and especially subclass 198 for apparatus to apply single or plural spaced bands.

201	CONVERTIBLE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus which can be caused to serve as any one of two or more distinctly different packaging devices by an adjustment, addition, removal or reassembly of one or more of the parts.

202	PLURAL LINE PACKAGING:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus in which two or more separate streams of contents are coincidentally packaged as they move through the machine. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 147+, for apparatus which includes a plural line packaging operation, and selects and wraps together units supplied by each of the lines. 168, for apparatus for packaging with selective or alternative supply of plural covers and/or contents. 546, for plural line apparatus of the progressively seamed cover webs or web folds type.

203	WRAPPING MACHINES:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus by which a flexible or foldable cover material is bent, with or without creasing, around the contents to encase it. (1) Note. This apparatus shapes the cover material into contents retaining form subsequent to the bringing together of contents and cover material. For apparatus which shapes the cover material to contents retaining form prior to association of contents therewith see this class, subclasses 558+. (2) Note. This apparatus shapes the cover material so as to completely enclose the contents therein. For apparatus which shapes the cover material around the contents in such manner as to leave the contents exposed, see this class subclasses 580+. (3) Note. Shaping a closure into engagement or conformity with a portion of a preformed receptacle is not considered wrapping for this and indented subclasses. Such apparatus will be found in subclasses 285+. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 285+, for apparatus for closing packages and filled receptacles, and see (3) Note. 461+, for corresponding method. 558+, see (1) Note. 580+, see (2) Note.

204	Annular package:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 203.  Apparatus by which a cover is applied to contents having an opening extending therethrough and the cover material is inserted into or through such opening. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 409, for corresponding methods. 581, for partial covers comprising spindles or cores. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 206,  Special Receptacle or Package,   subclasses 303+ for a package for an annular article (e.g., tire, wire coil, etc.). 242,  Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,   subclasses 434+ for winding elongated material through a central opening of a ring-shaped core.

205	Granular contents material:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 203.  Apparatus by which the cover is bent around contents that is particulate. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 141,  Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   appropriate subclasses for material handling systems for placing particulate and other fluent materials in separable receivers. 493,  Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web,   subclass 296 for making folded powder papers such as are used by druggist to enclose medicinal powders.

206	Packet or envelope type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 203.  Apparatus by which the cover material is bent around the contents so that portions of the cover on opposite sides of the contents are formed by a single fold or crease, the thickness of the contents being accommodated by a slight flexing of opposed faces of the cover. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 460, for corresponding methods.

207	Notched or corner-slit cover blanks:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 203.  Apparatus in which the cover material to be bent has portions which are cut out, or partially severed or incised adjacent an edge of the cover material. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 376.3, for apparatus for closing packages by folding a single flap. 376.4+, for apparatus for closing packages by folding multiple flaps.

208	With cover notching or slitting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 207.  Apparatus combined with mechanism for cutting out or partially severing or incising the cover material. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 128.1, for a machine for notching a cover blank for something other than forming a notch or slit as an aid for folding the blank. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 83,  Cutting,   appropriate subclasses for pertinent subclass(es) as determined by schedule review. 493,  Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web,   subclasses 58+ for making a container including cutting and form-scoring a carton blank.

209	Prepositioned cover and contents transported to wrapping means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 203.  Apparatus in which the cover blank and the contents material are initially brought together and are then conveyed to another location for the bending of the cover material around the contents.

210	Cinched or wiped around initial wrap:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 203.  Apparatus in which the bending of the cover material about the contents includes placing one edge, or portion of the cover material making up the longitudinal seam, against one side of the contents and then bringing the cover material across the opposite side of the contents and then the other edge of the cover around the contents and into seaming relation to the first edge.

211	By rotation of contents:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210.  Apparatus in which the bringing together of edges making up the longitudinal seam is effected by revolving the contents about an axis passing through the contents. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 131,  Tobacco,   subclasses 27+ for cigar and cigarette making apparatus in which the tobacco is rotated to place a wrapper thereon. 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclasses 446+ for applying a label to a rotating article.

212	Stacked contents (e.g., coins):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 211.  Apparatus in which the contents is comprised of a series of articles each positioned with respect to any adjacent article only by a face-to-face relationship of one of two opposed surfaces. (1) Note. The stacked articles are frequently coins. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 254, for apparatus for filling receptacles with coins in stacked formation. 531+, for apparatus having means for stacking the contents for packaging.

213	Hand manipulated type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 212.  Apparatus in which the rotation of the stack is by the hands of a person. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 219, for manual wrapping on a fixed support. 390+, for aids to manual packing.